Effect of caffeinated gum on a battery of rugby-specific tests in trained university-standard male rugby union players.
Caffeine
Endurance
Fatigue
Gum
Jump
Rugby
Running
Sprint
Yo-Yo
Journal
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
ISSN: 1550-2783
Titre abrégé: J Int Soc Sports Nutr
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101234168
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 Apr 2019
11 Apr 2019
Historique:
received:
20
12
2018
accepted:
01
04
2019
entrez:
12
4
2019
pubmed:
12
4
2019
medline:
16
5
2019
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Caffeine has been shown to enhance strength, power and endurance, characteristics that underpin performance in rugby. Caffeinated gum has attracted interest as a novel vehicle for delivering caffeine, because absorption of caffeine from gum is quick. Rapid absorption of caffeine may be useful during rugby matches when there is limited time for supplementation such as at half-time or when substitutes enter play. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a low dose of caffeine in gum improves performance in a battery of rugby-specific tests. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 17 male university-standard rugby players (mass: 85.6 ± 6.3 kg; height: 179.4 ± 6.2 cm; age: 20.4 ± 1.2 years) chewed caffeinated gum (200 mg caffeine) or a placebo gum on two occasions separated by a week. After a standardized warm-up, gum was chewed for 5 min. Subsequently, participants performed three countermovement jumps, followed by an Illinois agility test, 6 × 30 m repeated sprints, and the Yo-Yo IR-2 test; each test was separated by short rest periods. Caffeinated gum enhanced countermovement jump by 3.6% (caffeine: 43.7 ± 7.6 cm vs. placebo: 42.2 ± 6.2 cm; d = 0.22, 95% CI [0.006, 0.432]; p = 0.044). There was a greater resistance to fatigue during the 6 × 30 m repeated sprint test (fatigue index caffeine: 102.2 ± 0.9% vs. placebo: 103.3 ± 1.2%; d = 1.03, 95% CI [0.430, 1.613]; p = 0.001), and performance on the Yo-Yo IR2 was improved by 14.5% (caffeine: 426 ± 105 m, placebo: 372 ± 91 m; d = 0.55, 95% CI [0.130, 0.957]; p = 0.010). Caffeine gum had no significant effect on the Illinois agility test (caffeine 16.22 ± 1.08 s vs. placebo 15.88 ± 1.09 s; d = - 0.31, 95% CI [- 0.855, 0.240]; p = 0.271). In university-standard rugby players, a low dose of caffeine (200 mg) supplied in chewing gum enhanced performance on the Yo-Yo IR-2 test and the countermovement jump test and reduced fatigue index during repeated sprints. These improvements in a battery of rugby-specific tests may transfer to enhanced performance in rugby matches.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Caffeine has been shown to enhance strength, power and endurance, characteristics that underpin performance in rugby. Caffeinated gum has attracted interest as a novel vehicle for delivering caffeine, because absorption of caffeine from gum is quick. Rapid absorption of caffeine may be useful during rugby matches when there is limited time for supplementation such as at half-time or when substitutes enter play. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a low dose of caffeine in gum improves performance in a battery of rugby-specific tests.
METHODS
METHODS
In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 17 male university-standard rugby players (mass: 85.6 ± 6.3 kg; height: 179.4 ± 6.2 cm; age: 20.4 ± 1.2 years) chewed caffeinated gum (200 mg caffeine) or a placebo gum on two occasions separated by a week. After a standardized warm-up, gum was chewed for 5 min. Subsequently, participants performed three countermovement jumps, followed by an Illinois agility test, 6 × 30 m repeated sprints, and the Yo-Yo IR-2 test; each test was separated by short rest periods.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Caffeinated gum enhanced countermovement jump by 3.6% (caffeine: 43.7 ± 7.6 cm vs. placebo: 42.2 ± 6.2 cm; d = 0.22, 95% CI [0.006, 0.432]; p = 0.044). There was a greater resistance to fatigue during the 6 × 30 m repeated sprint test (fatigue index caffeine: 102.2 ± 0.9% vs. placebo: 103.3 ± 1.2%; d = 1.03, 95% CI [0.430, 1.613]; p = 0.001), and performance on the Yo-Yo IR2 was improved by 14.5% (caffeine: 426 ± 105 m, placebo: 372 ± 91 m; d = 0.55, 95% CI [0.130, 0.957]; p = 0.010). Caffeine gum had no significant effect on the Illinois agility test (caffeine 16.22 ± 1.08 s vs. placebo 15.88 ± 1.09 s; d = - 0.31, 95% CI [- 0.855, 0.240]; p = 0.271).
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
In university-standard rugby players, a low dose of caffeine (200 mg) supplied in chewing gum enhanced performance on the Yo-Yo IR-2 test and the countermovement jump test and reduced fatigue index during repeated sprints. These improvements in a battery of rugby-specific tests may transfer to enhanced performance in rugby matches.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30971276
doi: 10.1186/s12970-019-0286-7
pii: 10.1186/s12970-019-0286-7
pmc: PMC6458642
doi:
Substances chimiques
Chewing Gum
0
Caffeine
3G6A5W338E
Types de publication
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
17Références
Int J Pharm. 2002 Mar 2;234(1-2):159-67
pubmed: 11839447
Sports Med. 2002;32(10):633-53
pubmed: 12141883
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Oct;93(4):1227-34
pubmed: 12235019
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003 Feb;284(2):R399-404
pubmed: 12399249
J Strength Cond Res. 2004 Aug;18(3):551-5
pubmed: 15320660
Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2004 Oct;32(4):143-7
pubmed: 15604932
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Nov;37(11):1998-2005
pubmed: 16286872
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2005;45(7-8):535-62
pubmed: 16371327
J Sci Med Sport. 2006 May;9(1-2):181-4
pubmed: 16581293
J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Nov;20(4):851-4
pubmed: 17194233
Sports Med. 2008;38(1):37-51
pubmed: 18081366
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2008 Jun;18(3):328-42
pubmed: 18562777
J Sports Sci. 2008 Jun;26(8):825-33
pubmed: 18569548
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2008 Dec;48(4):472-8
pubmed: 18997650
J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Jan;23(1):315-24
pubmed: 19077738
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008 Dec;33(6):1319-34
pubmed: 19088794
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Jan;41(1):3-13
pubmed: 19092709
J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Jul;23(4):1195-203
pubmed: 19528840
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Sep;41(9):1744-51
pubmed: 19657295
Sports Med. 2009;39(10):813-32
pubmed: 19757860
J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Jan;24(1):257-65
pubmed: 19924012
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010 Dec;110(6):1243-50
pubmed: 20737165
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Aug;43(8):1523-30
pubmed: 21266929
Amino Acids. 2012 May;42(5):1803-8
pubmed: 21461905
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2011 Aug;41(8):600-5
pubmed: 21654094
J Sports Sci. 2011 Jul;29(10):1105-12
pubmed: 21756130
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011 Nov;111(5):1372-9
pubmed: 21836046
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2011 Aug;36(4):555-61
pubmed: 21854160
Eur J Pharm Sci. 2011 Nov 20;44(4):506-13
pubmed: 21946259
J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Mar;26(3):844-50
pubmed: 22293680
PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e31380
pubmed: 22348079
J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Feb;27(2):382-7
pubmed: 22561972
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012 May 08;9(1):21
pubmed: 22569090
J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Oct;27(10):2752-9
pubmed: 23439329
Amino Acids. 2013 Jun;44(6):1511-9
pubmed: 23462927
Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2014 May;26(2):168-76
pubmed: 24277927
Nutrients. 2014 Feb 10;6(2):637-49
pubmed: 24518826
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2014 May 01;11:17
pubmed: 24855458
Sci Rep. 2015 May 13;5:10209
pubmed: 25969895
J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Jul;30(7):1855-61
pubmed: 26626028
J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Feb 27;:null
pubmed: 27930447
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018 May 1;28(3):221-227
pubmed: 29091470
J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Nov 27;:null
pubmed: 29210957
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018 Nov 1;28(6):629-634
pubmed: 29584462
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2019 Jan 11;:null
pubmed: 30633542
Food Funct. 2019 Apr 1;10(4):1792-1796
pubmed: 30919868
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14(5):377-81
pubmed: 7154893
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1998 Sep;85(3):883-9
pubmed: 9729561