Natural viral co-infections in pig herds affect hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection dynamics and increase the risk of contaminated livers at slaughter.
Abattoirs
Animals
Circoviridae Infections
/ veterinary
Circovirus
/ physiology
Coinfection
/ veterinary
Female
Hepatitis E
/ veterinary
Hepatitis E virus
/ physiology
Liver
/ virology
Male
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome
/ virology
Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus
/ physiology
Swine
Swine Diseases
/ virology
PCV2
PRRSV
hepatitis E virus
infection dynamics
public health
risk factors
Journal
Transboundary and emerging diseases
ISSN: 1865-1682
Titre abrégé: Transbound Emerg Dis
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 101319538
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Sep 2019
Sep 2019
Historique:
received:
22
08
2018
revised:
30
04
2019
accepted:
02
05
2019
pubmed:
9
5
2019
medline:
18
12
2019
entrez:
9
5
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen, in particular genotype 3 HEV is mainly transmitted to humans through the consumption of contaminated pork products. This study aimed at describing HEV infection patterns in pig farms and at assessing the impact of immunomodulating co-infections namely Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2), as well as other individual factors such as piglets' immunity and litters' characteristics on HEV dynamics. A longitudinal follow-up was conducted in three farrow-to-finish farms known to be HEV infected. Overall, 360 piglets were individually monitored from birth to slaughter with regular blood and faecal sampling as well as blood and liver samples collected at slaughterhouse. Virological and serological analyses were performed to detect HEV, PCV2 and PRRSV genome and antibodies. The links between 12 explanatory variables and four outcomes describing HEV dynamics were assessed using cox-proportional hazard models and logistic regression. HEV infection dynamics was found highly variable between farms and in a lower magnitude between batches. HEV positive livers were more likely related to short time-intervals between HEV infection and slaughter time (<40 days, OR = 4.1 [3.7-4.5]). In addition to an influence of piglets' sex and sows' parity, the sequence of co-infections was strongly associated with different HEV dynamics: a PRRSV or PCV2/PRRSV pre- or co-infection was associated with a higher age at HEV shedding (Hazard Ratio = 0.3 [0.2-0.5]), as well as a higher age at HEV seroconversion (HR = 0.5 [0.3-0.9] and HR = 0.4 [0.2-0.7] respectively). A PCV2/PRRSV pre- or co-infection was associated with a longer duration of shedding (HR = 0.5 [0.3-0.8]). Consequently, a PRRSV or PCV2/PRRSV pre- or co-infection was strongly associated with a higher risk of having positive livers at slaughter (OR = 4.1 [1.9-8.9] and OR = 6.5 [3.2-13.2] respectively). In conclusion, co-infections with immunomodulating viruses were found to affect HEV dynamics in the farrow-to-finish pig farms that were followed in this study.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1930-1945Subventions
Organisme : French Ministry for Agriculture and Food
Organisme : French Research Agency (ANR)
ID : ANR-2010-CESA-010
Organisme : European Community's Seventh Framework Program
ID : 278433
Informations de copyright
© 2019 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
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