Chinese facial physiognomy and modern day aesthetic practice.
aesthetic practitioners
beauty consultants
consultants
face reading
physiognomy
Journal
Journal of cosmetic dermatology
ISSN: 1473-2165
Titre abrégé: J Cosmet Dermatol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101130964
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jan 2020
Jan 2020
Historique:
received:
23
09
2018
revised:
09
02
2019
accepted:
13
03
2019
pubmed:
19
5
2019
medline:
20
11
2020
entrez:
19
5
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Physiognomy is still practiced in China and is a factor influencing the cosmetic procedures offered by aesthetic practitioners, and treatments requested by patients. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of belief in physiognomy in China and its effect on cosmetic treatments requested and offered by aesthetic practitioners. This study consisted of a survey given to the general public (online) and Chinese aesthetic practitioners (face to face). A total of 1816 responses (1070 general public, 746 aesthetic practitioners) were collected. About 63% of the general population and 86.3% of the aesthetic practitioners stated they believed in facial physiognomy. A majority of the general population surveyed believed that facial appearance can determine various aspects of their life. However, the majority believed changing their facial features would not affect factors believed to be determined by physiognomy. A total of 73.9% of the aesthetic practitioners thought their belief in physiognomy affected the treatments they suggest and most believed belief in physiognomy influences treatments requested. The belief in facial physiognomy has a direct impact and needs to be taken into consideration during patient consultation.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Physiognomy is still practiced in China and is a factor influencing the cosmetic procedures offered by aesthetic practitioners, and treatments requested by patients.
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of belief in physiognomy in China and its effect on cosmetic treatments requested and offered by aesthetic practitioners.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
METHODS
This study consisted of a survey given to the general public (online) and Chinese aesthetic practitioners (face to face).
RESULTS
RESULTS
A total of 1816 responses (1070 general public, 746 aesthetic practitioners) were collected. About 63% of the general population and 86.3% of the aesthetic practitioners stated they believed in facial physiognomy. A majority of the general population surveyed believed that facial appearance can determine various aspects of their life. However, the majority believed changing their facial features would not affect factors believed to be determined by physiognomy. A total of 73.9% of the aesthetic practitioners thought their belief in physiognomy affected the treatments they suggest and most believed belief in physiognomy influences treatments requested.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
The belief in facial physiognomy has a direct impact and needs to be taken into consideration during patient consultation.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
161-166Informations de copyright
© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Références
Hassin R, Trope Y. Facing faces: studies on the cognitive aspects of physiognomy. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000;78(5):837.
Haner J. The wisdom of your face. 2008.
Dubey H. Mysteries of Vedic face reading. 2013.
Bond MH. Beyond the Chinese Face: Insights from Psychology. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press; 1992.
Bridges L. Face Reading in Chinese Medicine. 2nd ed. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012.
Gauld RD. A survey of the Hong Kong health sector: past, present and future. Soc Sci Med. 1998;47(7):927-939.
Wong FT, Soo G, W-p NG, van Hasselt CA, Tong MC. Implications of Chinese face reading on the aesthetic sense. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2010;12(4):218-221.
Samizadeh S. Personal communication with Asian plastic surgeons. 2018.
Lombroso C. Criminal Man. Duke University Press Books; 2006.
Born GM. Born to crime: Cesare Lombroso and the origins of biological criminology: JSTOR. 2002.
Putnam A. Mean ladies: Transgendered villains in Disney films. Diversity in Disney Films: Critical Essays on Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Sexuality and Disability. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company; 2013:147-162.
Rabison RC. Deviance in Disney: Representations of Crime in Disney Films, A Qualitative Analysis. Honors Theses - All. 148. 2008. https://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/etd_hon_theses/148. Accessed April, 2019.
Croley J, Reese V, Wagner RF Jr. Dermatologic features of classic movie villains: the face of evil. JAMA Dermatol. 2017;153(6):559-564.
Poston DL Jr, Wong JH. The Chinese diaspora: the current distribution of the overseas Chinese population. Chin J Sociol. 2016;2(3):348-373.
Yu JY, Ko TG. A cross-cultural study of perceptions of medical tourism among Chinese, Japanese and Korean tourists in Korea. Tour Manag. 2012;33(1):80-88.
Samizadeh S. The ideals of facial beauty among Chinese aesthetic practitioners: results from a large national survey. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2018;1-13.
Roger Highfield RW, Jenkins R. How your looks betray your personality. New Sci. 2009;(2695).
Seo KK. Facial Contouring with Botulinum Toxin. Botulinum Toxin for Asians. Singapore: Springer; 2017:107-134.
Park MY, Ahn KY, Jung DS. Botulinum toxin type a treatment for contouring of the lower face. Dermatol Surg. 2003;29(5):477-483.
Chen X, Lin J, Lin J, et al. Modification of square face in men. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2011;13(4):244-246.
Wu W, Liew S, Chan HH, et al. Consensus on current injectable treatment strategies in the Asian face. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2016;40:202-214.
Wu WT. Botox facial slimming/facial sculpting: the role of botulinum toxin-A in the treatment of hypertrophic masseteric muscle and parotid enlargement to narrow the lower facial width. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics. 2010;18(1):133-140.
Gui L, Huang L, Zhang Z. Genioplasty and Chin augmentation with medpore implants: a report of 650 cases. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2008;32(2):220-226.
Liew S, Wu WT, Chan HH, et al. Consensus on changing trends, attitudes, and concepts of Asian beauty. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2016;40(2):193-201.
Khudeida J. The Art of Mian Xiang and Al Ferasah for Human Resources in Defensive Times. J Def Manag S. 2013;3:2167-2374.
Kim P, Ahn J-T. Structured nonsurgical Asian rhinoplasty. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2012;36(3):698-703.
Jang YJ, Yu MS. Rhinoplasty for the Asian nose. Facial Plast Surg. 2010;26(02):093-101.
Moon HJ. Use of fillers in Rhinoplasty. Clin Plast Surg. 2016;43(1):307-317.
Oommen A, Oommen T. Physiognomy: a critical review. J Anat Soc India. 2003;52(2):189-191.
Naini FB. Facial Aesthetics: Concepts and Clinical Diagnosis. John Wiley & Sons; 2011.
Orsini MG, Huang GJ, Kiyak HA, et al. Methods to evaluate profile preferences for the anteroposterior position of the mandible. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130(3):283-291.
Liew S. Ethnic and gender considerations in the use of facial injectables: Asian patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;136(5S):22S-S27.
Satravaha S, Dent M, Schlegel KD. The significance of the integumentary profile. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987;92(5):422-426.
Soh J, Chew MT, Wong HB. A comparative assessment of the perception of Chinese facial profile esthetics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;127(6):692-699.
Maganzini AL, Tseng JY, Epstein JZ. Perception of facial esthetics by native Chinese participants by using manipulated digital imagery techniques. The Angle Orthodontist. 2000;70(5):393-399.
Mantzikos T. Esthetic soft tissue profile preferences among the Japanese population. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;114(1):1-7.
Samizadeh S, Wu W. Ideals of facial beauty amongst the Chinese population: results from a large national survey. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2018;42:1540-1550.