Associations between young adult marijuana outcomes and availability of medical marijuana dispensaries and storefront signage.
Density
marijuana use
medical marijuana
perceived peer use
positive expectancies
signage
young adult
Journal
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
ISSN: 1360-0443
Titre abrégé: Addiction
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9304118
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2019
12 2019
Historique:
received:
05
06
2018
revised:
07
08
2018
accepted:
31
05
2019
pubmed:
12
6
2019
medline:
20
11
2020
entrez:
12
6
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
We investigated associations between the density of medical marijuana dispensaries (MMDs) around young adults' homes and marijuana use outcomes. Secondary data analysis. Los Angeles County, CA, USA. A total of 1887 participants aged 18-22 years, surveyed online in 2016-17. Outcomes were past-month marijuana use (number of days used, number of times each day), positive expectancies and perceived peer use. Density was measured as the total number of MMDs and number of MMDs with storefront signage indicative of marijuana sales, within 4 miles of respondents' homes. Eighty-four per cent of respondents had 10 or more MMDs within 4 miles of their homes. Multiple linear regression analyses that adjusted for individual-level socio-demographic characteristics and neighborhood socio-economic status indicated that living near a higher number of MMDs was associated with greater number of days used in the past month [β = 0.025; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.001, 0.049; P = 0.04] and higher positive marijuana expectancies (β = 0.003; 95% CI = 0.001, 0.007; P = 0.04). Living near more MMDs with storefront signage had a four- to six-fold larger effect on number of times used per day and positive expectancies, respectively, compared with associations with the total MMD count. Adjusting for medical marijuana card ownership attenuated the association with number of days used in the past month and positive expectancies, and an unexpected association emerged between higher MMD density and fewer number of times used each day (β = -0.005; 95% CI = -0.009, -0.001; P = 0.03). For young adults in Los Angeles County, living near more medical marijuana dispensaries (MMDs) is positively associated with more frequent use of marijuana within the past month and greater expectations of marijuana's positive benefits. MMDs with signage show stronger associations with number of times used each day and positive expectancies.
Substances chimiques
Medical Marijuana
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2162-2170Subventions
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R01 AG043960
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIAAA NIH HHS
ID : 1R01AA020883
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIAAA NIH HHS
ID : R01 AA016577
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIAAA NIH HHS
ID : R01 AA020883
Pays : United States
Commentaires et corrections
Type : CommentIn
Informations de copyright
© 2019 Society for the Study of Addiction.
Références
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine, Health, Medicine Division, Board on Population Health. et al. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. In: The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2017.
Johnston L, O'Malley P, Miech R, Bachman J, Schulenberg J. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use: 1975-2015: Overview: Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan; 2015.
Joffe A., Yancy W. S. Legalization of marijuana: potential impact on youth. Pediatrics 2004; 113: e632-e638.
D‘Amico E. J., Tucker J. S., Pedersen E. R., Shih R. A. Understanding rates of marijuana use and consequences among adolescents in a changing legal landscape. Curr Addict Rep 2017; 4: 343-349.
Sarvet A. L., Wall M. M., Fink D. S., Greene E., Le A., Boustead A. E. et al. Medical marijuana laws and adolescent marijuana use in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 2018; 113: 1003-1013.
Dilley J. A., Richardson S. M., Kilmer B., Pacula R. L., Segawa M. B., Cerda M. Prevalence of cannabis use in youths after legalization in Washington state. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173: 192-193.
Wen H., Hockenberry J. M., Cummings J. R. The effect of medical marijuana laws on adolescent and adult use of marijuana, alcohol, and other substances. J Health Econ 2015; 42: 64-80.
Fleming C. B., Guttmannova K., Cambron C., Rhew I. C., Oesterle S. Examination of the divergence in trends for adolescent marijuana use and marijuana-specific risk factors in Washington state. J Adolesc Health 2016; 59: 269-275.
Martins S. S., Mauro C. M., Santaella-Tenorio J., Kim J. H., Cerda M., Keyes K. M. et al. State-level medical marijuana laws, marijuana use and perceived availability of marijuana among the general U.S. population. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 169: 26-32.
Mair C., Freisthler B., Ponicki W. R., Gaidus A. The impacts of marijuana dispensary density and neighborhood ecology on marijuana abuse and dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 154: 111-116.
Hasin D. S., Sarvet A. L., Cerda M., Keyes K. M., Stohl M., Galea S. et al. US adult illicit cannabis use, cannabis use disorder, and medical marijuana Laws: 1991-1992 to 2012-2013. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74: 579-588.
Pacula R. L., Powell D., Heaton P., Sevigny E. L. Assessing the effects of medical marijuana laws on marijuana use: the devil is in the details. J Policy Anal Manage 2015; 34: 7-31.
Friese B., Grube J. W. Legalization of medical marijuana and marijuana use among youths. Drugs (Abingdon, UK) 2013; 20: 33-39.
Pacula R. L., Kilmer B., Wagenaar A. C., Chaloupka F. J., Caulkins J. P. Developing public health regulations for marijuana: lessons from alcohol and tobacco. Am J Public Health 2014; 104: 1021-1028.
Freisthler B., Gruenewald P. J. Examining the relationship between the physical availability of medical marijuana and marijuana use across fifty California cities. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 143: 244-250.
Shi Y. The availability of medical marijuana dispensary and adolescent marijuana use. Prev Med 2016; 91: 1-7.
Shi Y., Cummins S. E., Zhu S. Medical Marijuana Availability, Price, and Product Variety and Adolescents' Marijuana Use. San Diego, CA: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California; 2018.
Pedersen E. R., Zander-Cotugno M., Shih R. A., Tucker J. S., Dunbar M. S., D'Amico E. J. An online method for locating medical marijuana dispensaries: practical considerations for future research. Cannabis 2018; 1: 22-35.
Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Contract no.: HHS Publication no. SMA 16-4984, NSDUH Series H-51. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2016.
Boyd C., Veliz P., McCabe S. Adolescents' use of medical marijuana: a secondary analysis of monitoring the future data. J Adolesc Health 2015; 57: 241-244.
Tucker J., Rodriguez A., Pedersen E., Seelam R., Shih R., D'Amico E. Greater risk for frequent marijuana use and problems among young adult marijuana users with a medical marijuana card. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 194: 178-183.
Patrick M. E., Kloska D. D., Vasilenko S. A., Lanza S. T. Perceived friends' use as a risk factor for marijuana use across young adulthood. Psychol Addict Behav 2016; 30: 904-914.
Pedersen E. R., Miles J. N., Osilla K. C., Ewing B. A., Hunter S. B., D'Amico E. J. The effects of mental health symptoms and marijuana expectancies on marijuana use and consequences among at-risk adolescents. J Drug Issues 2015; 45: 151-165.
Roditis M. L., Delucchi K., Chang A., Halpern-Felsher B. Perceptions of social norms and exposure to pro-marijuana messages are associated with adolescent marijuana use. Prev Med 2016; 93: 171-176.
D'Amico E. J., Rodriguez A., Tucker J. S., Pedersen E. R., Shih R. A. Planting the seed for marijuana use: changes in exposure to medical marijuana advertising and subsequent adolescent marijuana use, perceptions, and consequences over seven years. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 188: 385-391.
National Cancer Institute. The Role of the Media in Promoting and Reducing Tobacco Use, Tobacco Control Monograph no. 19. Bethesda, MD: Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; 2008.
Paynter J., Edwards R. The impact of tobacco promotion at the point of sale: a systematic review. Nicotine Tob Res 2009; 11: 25-35.
Collins R. L., Ellickson P. L., McCaffrey D., Hambarsoomians K. Early adolescent exposure to alcohol advertising and its relationship to underage drinking. J Adolesc Health 2007; 40: 527-534.
Berg C. J., Henriksen L., Cavazos-Rehg P. A., Haardoerfer R., Freisthler B. The emerging marijuana retail environment: key lessons learned from tobacco and alcohol retail research. Addict Behav 2018; 81: 26-31.
Roeseler A., Feighery E. C., Cruz T. B. Tobacco marketing in California and implications for the future. Tob Control 2010; 19: i21-i29.
D‘Amico E. J., Green H. D. Jr., Miles J. N., Zhou A. J., Tucker J. S., Shih R. A. Voluntary after-school alcohol and drug programs for middle school youth: if you build it right, they will come. J Res Adolesc 2012; 22: 571-582.
D‘Amico E. J., Tucker J. S., Miles J. N., Ewing B. A., Shih R. A., Pedersen E. R. Alcohol and marijuana use trajectories in a diverse longitudinal sample of adolescents: examining use patterns from age 11 to 17 years. Addiction 2016; 111: 1825-1835.
ArcMap, Version 10.4. Redlands, CA: ESRI Inc.
US Department of Health and Human Services. NIH Policy and Guidelines on The Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health 2001. Available at: https://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/guidelines.htm (accessed 25 June 2019).
Ver Ploeg M, Mancino L, Todd JE, Clay DM, Scharadin B. Where Do Americans Usually Shop for Food and How Do They Travel To Get There? Initial Findings From the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey. Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service; 2015.
Hamrick K. S., Hopkins D. The time cost of access to food-distance to the grocery store as measured in minutes. Electronic Int J Time Use Res 2012; 9: 28-58.
Miles J. N. V., W M. M., Lavery D., Escarce J. J., Cagney K. A., Shih R. A. Constructing a time-invariant measure of the socio-economic status of U.S. census tracts. J Urban Health 2015; 93: 213-232.
Muthen B, Muthen L. Mplus version 7.11. Los Angeles, CA: Muthen and Muthen; 2013.
D‘Amico E. J., Parast L., Meredith L. S., Ewing B. A., Shadel W. G., Stein B. D. Screening in primary care: what is the best way to identify at-risk youth for substance use? Pediatrics 2016; 138: pii: e20161717.
Osilla K. C., Pedersen E. R., Ewing B. A., Miles J. N., Ramchand R., D'Amico E. J. The effects of purchasing alcohol and marijuana among adolescents at-risk for future substance use. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2014; 9: 38.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Methodological Issues in Measuring Alcohol Use. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health; 2003.
Pasta DJ. Learning When to Be Discrete: Continuous versus Categorical Predictors. Contract no.: 248-2009. San Francisco, CA: ICON Clinical Research; 2009.
Blanco C., Hasin D. S., Wall M. M., Florez-Salamanca L., Hoertel N., Wang S. et al. Cannabis use and risk of psychiatric disorders: prospective evidence from a US National Longitudinal Study. JAMA Psychiatry 2016; 73: 388-395.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Marijuana: Drug Facts. Rockville, MD: National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services; 2018. Available at: https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana (accessed 25 June 2019).
Metrik J., Rohsenow D. J., Monti P. M., McGeary J., Cook T. A. R., de Wit H. et al. Effectiveness of a marijuana expectancy manipulation: piloting the balanced-placebo design for marijuana. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2009; 17: 217-225.
D'Amico E. J., Tucker J. S., Miles J. N. V., Ewing B. A., Shih R. A., Pedersen E. R. Alcohol and marijuana use trajectories in a diverse longitudinal sample of adolescents: examining use patterns from age 11 to 17. Addiction 2016; 111: 1825-1835.
Treno A. J., Marzell M., Gruenewald P. J., Holder H. A review of alcohol and other drug control policy research. J Stud Alcohol Drugs Suppl 2014; 75: 98-107.
Gruenewald P. J. Regulating availability: how access to alcohol affects drinking and problems in youth and adults. Alcohol Res Health 2011; 34: 248-256.
Krauss M. J., Sowles S. J., Sehi A., Spitznagel E. L., Berg C. J., Bierut L. J. et al. Marijuana advertising exposure among current marijuana users in the U.S. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 174: 192-200.