Brain MRI features and scoring of leukodystrophy in adult-onset Krabbe disease.

Adolescent Adult Age of Onset Aged Brain / diagnostic imaging Child Corpus Callosum / pathology Demyelinating Diseases / pathology Female Humans Internal Capsule / pathology Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell / diagnostic imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods Male Middle Aged Pyramidal Tracts / pathology White Matter / pathology Young Adult

Journal

Neurology
ISSN: 1526-632X
Titre abrégé: Neurology
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401060

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
13 08 2019
Historique:
received: 07 12 2018
accepted: 21 03 2019
pubmed: 25 7 2019
medline: 29 1 2020
entrez: 25 7 2019
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

To perform a systematic analysis and scoring of brain MRI white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in adult-onset Krabbe disease. We retrospectively collected basic clinical data and the first available brain MRI from patients with confirmed Krabbe disease with first clinical manifestations beyond 10 years of age. Data were obtained from our reference center for lysosomal diseases (n = 6) and from contacted authors of published articles describing patients with adult-onset Krabbe disease (n = 15). T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images of each patient were analyzed and scored using a radiologic score of WMH in a single center. The corticospinal tract was always affected by WMH (100% of patients), however, with some distinctions along the tract: the precentral gyrus (100%), corona radiata (95%), and posterior internal capsule (81%) were highly abnormal, whereas the mesencephalon (57%), pons (52%), and medulla oblongata (5%) were less affected. WMH were also frequently present in the posterior lateral periventricular white matter (95%), optic radiations (86%), postcentral gyrus (71%), medial lemniscus (62%), and corpus callosum, especially in the isthmus (71%), whereas the genu was always normal. A few patients did not have the classical MRI pattern but extensive hyperintensities (n = 3), or patchy distribution of hyperintensities mimicking an acquired etiology (n = 2), or very subtle hyperintensities of the corticospinal tract (n = 1). We specified the main locations of WMH, which were observed in the earliest stages of the disease and were also present in patients with atypical MRI pattern, highlighting the importance of radiologic features to guide the diagnosis.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007943 PMID: 31337714
pubmed: 31337714
pii: WNL.0000000000007943
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007943
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

e647-e652

Informations de copyright

© 2019 American Academy of Neurology.

Auteurs

Louis Cousyn (L)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland. louis.cousyn@gmail.com.

Bruno Law-Ye (B)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4247-9892

Nadya Pyatigorskaya (N)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2070-1299

Rabab Debs (R)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Roseline Froissart (R)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Monique Piraud (M)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2341-6514

Antonio Federico (A)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Simona Salvatore (S)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Alfonso Cerase (A)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Maria C Macário (MC)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9168-533X

João Durães (J)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9671-593X

Seung H Kim (SH)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Hiroshi Adachi (H)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Bertrand Audoin (B)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Xavier Ayrignac (X)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Yuwei Da (Y)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Robert Henderson (R)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Roberta La Piana (R)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Cornelia Laule (C)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Kiyotaka Nakamagoe (K)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4025-5780

Raili Raininko (R)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Ludger Schols (L)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Sandra M Sirrs (SM)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Fausto Viader (F)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Karol Jastrzębski (K)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8651-8198

Delphine Leclercq (D)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1110-3833

Yann Nadjar (Y)

From the Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, UF Neuro-Genetics and Metabolism (L.C., R.D., Y.N.), and Department of Neuroradiology (B.L.-Y., N.P., D.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est (R.F., M.P.), Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL (R.F.), Lyon, France; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences (A.F., S.S.), Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena; Neuroradiology Unit (A.C.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.C.M., J.D.), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; Department of Neurology (S.H.K.), College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Neurology (H.A.), Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (B.A.), La Timone Hospital; Aix-Marseille University (B.A.), CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille; Department of Neurology (X.A.), Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion and Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.P.), Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal; Department of Radiology (C.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.L.), International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) (C.L.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (C.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.M.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (K.N.), Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Radiology (R.R.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Eberhard-Karls-University; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (F.V.), Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen; Inserm U1077 (F.V.), EPHE, Caen-Normandie University, Caen, France; and Department of Neurology and Stroke (K.J.), Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

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