Early breast development in overweight girls: does estrogen made by adipose tissue play a role?
Absorptiometry, Photon
Adipose Tissue
/ growth & development
Adolescent
Breast
/ growth & development
Child
Child Development
/ physiology
Estrogens
/ metabolism
Female
Health Surveys
Humans
Menarche
North Carolina
/ epidemiology
Overweight
/ epidemiology
Sexual Maturation
/ physiology
Vagina
/ cytology
Journal
International journal of obesity (2005)
ISSN: 1476-5497
Titre abrégé: Int J Obes (Lond)
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101256108
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Oct 2019
Oct 2019
Historique:
received:
05
10
2018
accepted:
22
07
2019
revised:
09
07
2019
pubmed:
30
8
2019
medline:
19
5
2020
entrez:
30
8
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Girls who are overweight/obese (OB) develop breast tissue but do not undergo menarche (the first menstrual period) significantly earlier than girls of normal weight (NW). It has been proposed that estrogen synthesized by adipose tissue may be contributory, yet OB do not have higher serum estrogen levels than NW matched on breast stage. We hypothesized that estrogen synthesized locally, in mammary fat, may contribute to breast development. This hypothesis would predict that breast development would be more advanced than other estrogen-sensitive tissues as a function of obesity and body fat. Eighty premenarchal girls (26 OB, 54 NW), aged 8.2-14.7 years, underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to calculate percent body fat (%BF), Tanner staging of the breast, breast ultrasound for morphological staging, trans-abdominal pelvic ultrasound, hand x-ray (bone age, BA), a blood test for reproductive hormones, and urine collection to determine the vaginal maturation index (VMI), an index of estrogen exposure in urogenital epithelial cells. When controlling for breast morphological stage determined by ultrasound, %BF was not associated with serum estrogen or gonadotropin (LH and FSH) levels or with indices of systemic estrogen action (uterine volume, endometrial thickness, BA advancement, and VMI). Tanner breast stage did not correlate with breast morphological stage and led to misclassification of chest fatty tissue as breast tissue in some OB. These studies do not support the hypothesis that estrogen derived from total body fat or local (mammary) fat contributes to breast development in OB girls.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Girls who are overweight/obese (OB) develop breast tissue but do not undergo menarche (the first menstrual period) significantly earlier than girls of normal weight (NW). It has been proposed that estrogen synthesized by adipose tissue may be contributory, yet OB do not have higher serum estrogen levels than NW matched on breast stage. We hypothesized that estrogen synthesized locally, in mammary fat, may contribute to breast development. This hypothesis would predict that breast development would be more advanced than other estrogen-sensitive tissues as a function of obesity and body fat.
METHODS
Eighty premenarchal girls (26 OB, 54 NW), aged 8.2-14.7 years, underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to calculate percent body fat (%BF), Tanner staging of the breast, breast ultrasound for morphological staging, trans-abdominal pelvic ultrasound, hand x-ray (bone age, BA), a blood test for reproductive hormones, and urine collection to determine the vaginal maturation index (VMI), an index of estrogen exposure in urogenital epithelial cells.
RESULTS
When controlling for breast morphological stage determined by ultrasound, %BF was not associated with serum estrogen or gonadotropin (LH and FSH) levels or with indices of systemic estrogen action (uterine volume, endometrial thickness, BA advancement, and VMI). Tanner breast stage did not correlate with breast morphological stage and led to misclassification of chest fatty tissue as breast tissue in some OB.
CONCLUSIONS
These studies do not support the hypothesis that estrogen derived from total body fat or local (mammary) fat contributes to breast development in OB girls.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31462689
doi: 10.1038/s41366-019-0446-5
pii: 10.1038/s41366-019-0446-5
pmc: PMC6774855
mid: NIHMS1535597
doi:
Substances chimiques
Estrogens
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1978-1987Subventions
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR001102
Pays : United States
Organisme : Intramural NIH HHS
ID : ZIA ES103315-01
Pays : United States
Organisme : Intramural NIH HHS
ID : ZIA ES103315-03
Pays : United States
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