A Genotype-Guided Strategy for Oral P2Y


Journal

The New England journal of medicine
ISSN: 1533-4406
Titre abrégé: N Engl J Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0255562

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
24 10 2019
Historique:
pubmed: 4 9 2019
medline: 7 11 2019
entrez: 4 9 2019
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

It is unknown whether patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) benefit from genotype-guided selection of oral P2Y We conducted a randomized, open-label, assessor-blinded trial in which patients undergoing primary PCI with stent implantation were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a P2Y For the primary analysis, 2488 patients were included: 1242 in the genotype-guided group and 1246 in the standard-treatment group. The primary combined outcome occurred in 63 patients (5.1%) in the genotype-guided group and in 73 patients (5.9%) in the standard-treatment group (absolute difference, -0.7 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.0 to 0.7; P<0.001 for noninferiority). The primary bleeding outcome occurred in 122 patients (9.8%) in the genotype-guided group and in 156 patients (12.5%) in the standard-treatment group (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.98; P = 0.04). In patients undergoing primary PCI, a

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
It is unknown whether patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) benefit from genotype-guided selection of oral P2Y
METHODS
We conducted a randomized, open-label, assessor-blinded trial in which patients undergoing primary PCI with stent implantation were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a P2Y
RESULTS
For the primary analysis, 2488 patients were included: 1242 in the genotype-guided group and 1246 in the standard-treatment group. The primary combined outcome occurred in 63 patients (5.1%) in the genotype-guided group and in 73 patients (5.9%) in the standard-treatment group (absolute difference, -0.7 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.0 to 0.7; P<0.001 for noninferiority). The primary bleeding outcome occurred in 122 patients (9.8%) in the genotype-guided group and in 156 patients (12.5%) in the standard-treatment group (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.98; P = 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
In patients undergoing primary PCI, a

Identifiants

pubmed: 31479209
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1907096
doi:

Substances chimiques

Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists 0
Clopidogrel A74586SNO7
CYP2C19 protein, human EC 1.14.14.1
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 EC 1.14.14.1
Prasugrel Hydrochloride G89JQ59I13
Ticagrelor GLH0314RVC

Banques de données

ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT01761786']
NTR
['NL2872']

Types de publication

Equivalence Trial Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1621-1631

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2019 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Auteurs

Daniel M F Claassens (DMF)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Gerrit J A Vos (GJA)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Thomas O Bergmeijer (TO)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Renicus S Hermanides (RS)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Arnoud W J van 't Hof (AWJ)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Pim van der Harst (P)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Emanuele Barbato (E)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Carmine Morisco (C)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Richard M Tjon Joe Gin (RM)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Folkert W Asselbergs (FW)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Arend Mosterd (A)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Jean-Paul R Herrman (JR)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Willem J M Dewilde (WJM)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Paul W A Janssen (PWA)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Johannes C Kelder (JC)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Maarten J Postma (MJ)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Anthonius de Boer (A)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Cornelis Boersma (C)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Vera H M Deneer (VHM)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

Jurriën M Ten Berg (JM)

From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (D.M.F.C., G.J.A.V., T.O.B., P.W.A.J., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H., A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen (P.H., J.M.B.), the Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen (M.J.P.), and the Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (M.J.P., C.B.), Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem (R.M.T.J.G.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs (F.W.A.), and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics (V.H.M.D.), University Medical Center Utrecht, and the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.B.), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort (A.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam (J.-P.R.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda (W.J.M.D.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (E.B., C.M.); the Cardiovascular Research Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Aalst (E.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (W.J.M.D.) - both in Belgium; and the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, and Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London (F.W.A.).

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