Formula feeding increases the risk of antibiotic prescriptions in children up to 2 years: results from a cohort study.
Breastfeeding
Infections
Italy
Record linkage analysis
Journal
European journal of pediatrics
ISSN: 1432-1076
Titre abrégé: Eur J Pediatr
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 7603873
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Dec 2019
Dec 2019
Historique:
received:
18
03
2019
accepted:
30
08
2019
revised:
29
08
2019
pubmed:
8
9
2019
medline:
10
5
2020
entrez:
8
9
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Association between the use of infant formula and risks for infants' health is seldom studied in western countries. We set up a historical cohort based on record linkage analysis, combining the data from administrative databases providing individual data. Infants receiving the second dose of pediatric immunization between 2015 and 2017 were included. The main outcome measure was antibiotic prescriptions from enrolment up to 24 months of age, by infant feeding category at enrolment. The extended Cox regression technique was used to account for recurrent events. The infants' cohort included 40,258 5-month-old infants; during the study period, 60,932 antibiotic prescriptions were filled. Compared with infants fully breastfed, children fed with both maternal milk and formula received 106 more antibiotic prescriptions per 1000 children/year, whereas infants receiving formula only had 138 excess prescriptions per 1000 children/year. The association with infant feeding was statistically significant and remained unchanged after adjustment for common confounders (adjusted hazard ratio, HR, for complementary feeding vs full breastfeeding 1.09; 95%CI 1.05 to 1.12; formula only versus full breastfeeding adj. HR 1.12; 95%CI 1.08 to 1.16).Conclusion: In our cohort, we observed a positive association between infant formula use considered a proxy of infections antibiotic prescription rate, considered a proxy of infections. The association followed a gradient.What is Known:• Formula feeding is associated with increased morbidity and mortality even in western countries, but still, it is common.• Information on formula are seldom unbiased; thus, public perception of risks is distorted.What is New:• In a large Italian cohort of infants, formula feeding at 5 months of age results to be associated with an increased rate of antibiotic prescription (considered to be a proxy of infection) up to 24 months of age: the association follows a dose-response relationship.• Record linkage analysis using administrative databases provides useful information at a limited cost.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31493020
doi: 10.1007/s00431-019-03462-0
pii: 10.1007/s00431-019-03462-0
doi:
Substances chimiques
Anti-Bacterial Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1867-1874Investigateurs
Cristina Barella
(C)
Angela Castellana
(A)
Carla Ghigini
(C)
Roberto Maffi
(R)
Ilario Maffini
(I)
Anna Maria Milani
(AM)
Raffaella Pellizzari
(R)
Marilena Prazzoli
(M)
Giovanna Bussolati
(G)
Icilio Dodi
(I)
Emanuela Ferraroni
(E)
Nicoletta Piazza
(N)
Marina Sparano
(M)
Luigi Moscara
(L)
Alessandro Volta
(A)
Giulio Sighinolfi
(G)
Maria Vezzani
(M)
Paola Lenzi
(P)
Rita Ricci
(R)
Barbara Baldisserri
(B)
Paola Caroli
(P)
Lucia Suzzi
(L)
Elisabetta Valenti
(E)
Massimo Cornale
(M)
Chiara Cuoghi
(C)
Flavia Pascoletti
(F)
Luisa Baldi
(L)
Giovanna Cappelli
(G)
Oriana Gasperoni
(O)
Annarita Loreti
(A)
Giuliana Monti
(G)
Claudia Muratori
(C)
Norma Pelliconi
(N)
Ivonne Zoffoli
(I)
Anna Maria Baldoni
(AM)
Antonella Brunelli
(A)
Massimo Farneti
(M)
Marcella Lombardi
(M)
Fosca Marrone
(F)
Maurizio Bigi
(M)
Roberta Gabellini
(R)
Antonella Mazzocchi
(A)
Morena Vanni
(M)
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