The Impact of Natural Selection on the Evolution and Function of Placentally Expressed Galectins.
comparative modeling
galectins
human evolution
mammalian evolution
population genetics
positive selection
Journal
Genome biology and evolution
ISSN: 1759-6653
Titre abrégé: Genome Biol Evol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101509707
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 09 2019
01 09 2019
Historique:
accepted:
19
08
2019
pubmed:
11
9
2019
medline:
17
3
2020
entrez:
11
9
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Immunity genes have repeatedly experienced natural selection during mammalian evolution. Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that regulate diverse immune responses, including maternal-fetal immune tolerance in placental pregnancy. Seven human galectins, four conserved across vertebrates and three specific to primates, are involved in placental development. To comprehensively study the molecular evolution of these galectins, both across mammals and within humans, we conducted a series of between- and within-species evolutionary analyses. By examining patterns of sequence evolution between species, we found that primate-specific galectins showed uniformly high substitution rates, whereas two of the four other galectins experienced accelerated evolution in primates. By examining human population genomic variation, we found that galectin genes and variants, including variants previously linked to immune diseases, showed signatures of recent positive selection in specific human populations. By examining one nonsynonymous variant in Galectin-8 previously associated with autoimmune diseases, we further discovered that it is tightly linked to three other nonsynonymous variants; surprisingly, the global frequency of this four-variant haplotype is ∼50%. To begin understanding the impact of this major haplotype on Galectin-8 protein structure, we modeled its 3D protein structure and found that it differed substantially from the reference protein structure. These results suggest that placentally expressed galectins experienced both ancient and more recent selection in a lineage- and population-specific manner. Furthermore, our discovery that the major Galectin-8 haplotype is structurally distinct from and more commonly found than the reference haplotype illustrates the significance of understanding the evolutionary processes that sculpted variants associated with human genetic disease.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31504490
pii: 5554467
doi: 10.1093/gbe/evz183
pmc: PMC6751361
doi:
Substances chimiques
Galectins
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2574-2592Subventions
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : R35 GM127087
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.
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