The role of personality in retirement adjustment: Longitudinal evidence for the effects on life satisfaction.
Big Five
individual resources
life satisfaction
personality
retirement adjustment
Journal
Journal of personality
ISSN: 1467-6494
Titre abrégé: J Pers
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 2985194R
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 2020
08 2020
Historique:
received:
06
03
2019
revised:
29
08
2019
accepted:
05
09
2019
pubmed:
14
9
2019
medline:
31
8
2021
entrez:
14
9
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Research on retirement suggests that personality can influence the adjustment process, but the mechanisms involved remain still largely unknown. In the present study, we investigate direct and indirect associations between the Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction over the retirement transition. Indirect effects were evaluated through the role of personality for levels and changes in self-esteem, autonomy, social support, self-rated physical health, self-rated cognitive ability, and financial satisfaction. Our sample consisted of 796 older adults (age 60-66) and four annual measurement waves from the longitudinal population-based HEalth, Ageing, and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study, including individuals retiring during the study period. Results from multivariate latent growth curve analysis revealed multiple indirect associations between personality and life satisfaction. Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were positively related to life satisfaction through higher levels of self-esteem, autonomy, and social support. Neuroticism was negatively associated with life satisfaction through lower levels of self-esteem and lower levels and negative changes in autonomy and social support. Our findings suggest that retirees with higher levels of Neuroticism are more vulnerable in the transition process and they are also more likely to experience adjustment problems resulting from negative changes in key resources.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
642-658Informations de copyright
© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Références
Allemand, M., & Martin, M. (2016). On correlated change in personality. European Psychologist, 21, 237-253. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000256
Anusic, I., Yap, S. C., & Lucas, R. E. (2014). Does personality moderate reaction and adaptation to major life events? Analysis of life satisfaction and affect in an Australian national sample. Journal of Research in Personality, 51, 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2014.04.009
Barbosa, L. M., Monteiro, B., & Murta, S. G. (2016). Retirement adjustment predictors - A systematic review. Work, Aging and Retirement, 2, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waw008
Beier, M. E., Torres, W. J., & Gilberto, J. M. (2016). Activities matter: Personality and resource determinants of activities and their effect on mental and physical well-being and retirement expectations. Work, Aging and Retirement, 4, 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waw034
Bleidorn, W., Hopwood, C. J., & Lucas, R. E. (2018). Life events and personality trait change. Journal of Personality, 86, 83-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12286
Bleidorn, W., & Schwaba, T. (2018). Retirement is associated with change in self-esteem. Psychology and Aging, 33, 586-594. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000253
Chen, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Beyers, W., Boone, L., Deci, E. L., Van der Kaap-Deeder, J., … Verstuyf, J. (2015). Basic psychological need satisfaction, need frustration, and need strength across four cultures. Motivation and Emotion, 39, 216-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-014-9450-1
Chen, F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14, 464-504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1980). Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 668-678. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.38.4.668
Costa, P. T. Jr, & McCrae, R. R. (1985). The NEO personality inventory. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
DeNeve, K. M., & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 197-229. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.124.2.197
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
Diener, E. (2013). The remarkable changes in the science of subjective well-being. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8, 663-666. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613507583
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Diener, E., Sapyta, J., & Suh, E. (1998). Subjective well-being is essential to well-being. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 33-37. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0901_3
Diener, E., & Seligman, M. (2004). Beyond money: Toward an economy of well-being. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 5, 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6_9
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276-302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
Donnellan, M. B., Oswald, F. L., Baird, B. M., & Lucas, R. E. (2006). The mini-IPIP scales: Tiny-yet-effective measures of the Big Five factors of personality. Psychological Assessment, 18, 192-203. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.18.2.192
Fujita, F., & Diener, E. (2005). Life satisfaction set point: Stability and change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 158-164. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.158
Goldberg, L. R. (1993). The structure of phenotypic personality traits. The American Psychologist, 48, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.48.1.26
Graham, J. W. (2009). Missing data analysis: Making it work in the real world. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 549-576. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085530
Hansson, I., Berg, A. I., & Thorvaldsson, V. (2018). Can personality predict longitudinal study attrition? Evidence from a population-based sample of older adults. Journal of Research in Personality, 77, 133-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2018.10.002
Hansson, I., Buratti, S., Johansson, B., & Berg, A. I. (2018). Beyond health and economy: Resource interactions in retirement adjustment. Aging and Mental Health, 23(11), 1546-1554. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2018.1506745
Hansson, I., Buratti, S., Thorvaldsson, V., Johansson, B., & Berg, A. I. (2018). Changes in life satisfaction in the retirement transition: Interaction effects of transition type and individual resources. Work, Aging and Retirement, 4, 352-366. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/wax025
Heller, D., Watson, D., & Ilies, R. (2004). The role of person versus situation in life satisfaction: A critical examination. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 574-600. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.574
Henning, G., Bjälkebring, P., Stenling, A., Thorvaldsson, V., Johansson, B., & Lindwall, M. (2019). Changes in within- and between-person associations between basic psychological need satisfaction and well-being after retirement. Journal of Research in Personality, 79, 151-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2019.03.008
Henning, G., Hansson, I., Berg, A. I., Lindwall, M., & Johansson, B. (2017). The role of personality for subjective well-being in the retirement transition - Comparing variable-and person-oriented models. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 385-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.017
Henning, G., Lindwall, M., & Johansson, B. (2016). Continuity in well-being in the transition to retirement. GeroPsych, 59, 225-237. https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000155
Henning, G., Stenling, A., Tafvelin, S., Hansson, I., Kivi, M., Johansson, B., & Lindwall, M. (2019). Preretirement work motivation and subsequent retirement adjustment: A self-determination theory perspective. Work, Aging and Retirement, 5, 189-203. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/way017
Heybroek, L., Haynes, M., & Baxter, J. (2015). Life satisfaction and retirement in Australia: A longitudinal approach. Work, Aging and Retirement, 1, 166-180. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/wav006
Hobfoll, S. E. (2002). Social and psychological resources and adaptation. Review of General Psychology, 6, 307-324. https://doi.org/10.1037//1089-2680.6.4.307
Jopp, D. S., & Hertzog, C. (2010). Assessing adult leisure activities: An extension of a self-report activity questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 22, 108-120. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017662
Kelfve, S., Kivi, M., Johansson, B., & Lindwall, M. (2019). Is web a good survey model among older people? Experience from a retirement transition study. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Kesavayuth, D., Rosenman, R. E., & Zikos, V. (2016). Retirement, personality, and well-being. Economic Inquiry, 54, 733-750. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12307
König, S., Lindwall, M., Henning, G., & Johansson, B. (2018). Retirement as a lens for socioeconomic differences in Cognition and well-being. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, 8, 63-80. https://doi.org/10.18291/njwls.v8i2.106155
König, S., Lindwall, M., & Johansson, B. (2018). Involuntary and delayed retirement as a possible health risk for lower educated retirees. Journal of Population Ageing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12062-018-9234-6
Lindwall, M., Berg, A. I., Bjälkebring, P., Buratti, S., Hansson, I., Hassing, L., … Johansson, B. (2017). Psychological health in the retirement transition: Rationale and first findings in the Health, Ageing and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01634
Löckenhoff, C. E., Terracciano, A., & Costa, P. T. Jr (2009). Five-factor model personality traits and the retirement transition: Longitudinal and cross-sectional associations. Psychology and Aging, 24, 722-728. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015121
Lucas, R. E. (2007). Adaptation and the set-point model of subjective well-being: Does happiness change after major life events? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00479.x
Lucas, R. E., & Diener, E. (2009). Personality and subjective well-being. In E. Diener (Ed), The science of well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener (pp. 75-102). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6_4
Luhmann, M., Hofmann, W., Eid, M., & Lucas, R. E. (2012). Subjective well-being and adaptation to life events: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 592-615. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025948
McArdle, J. J. (2009). Latent variable modeling of differences and changes with longitudinal data. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 577-605. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163612
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1991). Adding liebe und arbeit: The full five-factor model and well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 227-232. https://doi.org/10.1177/014616729101700217
Meredith, W. (1993). Measurement invariance, factor analysis and factorial invariance. Psychometrika, 58, 525-543. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294825
Muratore, A. M., Earl, J. K., & Collins, C. G. (2014). Understanding heterogeneity in adaptation to retirement: A growth mixture modeling approach. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 79, 131-156. https://doi.org/10.2190/AG.79.2.c
OECD. (2006). Live longer, work longer. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264035881-en
Pinquart, M., & Schindler, I. (2007). Changes of life satisfaction in the transition to retirement: A latent-class approach. Psychology and Aging, 22, 442-455. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.22.3.442
Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. (2000). Influences of socioeconomic status, social network, and competence on subjective well-being in later life: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 15, 187-224. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.15.2.187
R Core Team. (2016). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from https://www.R-project.org/
Reis, M., & Gold, P. D. (1993). Retirement, personality, and life satisfaction: A review and two models. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 12, 261-282. https://doi.org/10.1177/073346489301200209
Robinson, O., Demetre, J. D., & Corney, R. (2010). Personality and retirement: Exploring the links between the Big Five personality traits, reasons for retirement and the experience of being retired. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 792-797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.014
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48, 1-36. Retrieved from http://www.jstatsoft.org/v48/i02/
Ryan, L. H., Newton, N. J., Chauhan, P. K., & Chopik, W. J. (2017). Effects of pre-retirement personality, health and job lock on post-retirement subjective well-being. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 3, 378-387. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000138
Serrat, R., Villar, F., Pratt, M. W., & Stukas, A. A. (2017). On the quality of adjustment to retirement: The longitudinal role of personality traits and generativity. Journal of Personality, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12326
Specht, J., Egloff, B., & Schmukle, S. C. (2011). Stability and change of personality across the life course: The impact of age and major life events on mean-level and rank-order stability of the big five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 862-882. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024950
Steel, P., Schmidt, J., & Shultz, J. (2008). Refining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 138-161. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.1.138
Stephan, Y., Boiché, J., Canada, B., & Terracciano, A. (2014). Association of personality with physical, social, and mental activities across the lifespan: Findings from US and French samples. British Journal of Psychology, 105, 564-580. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12056
van Solinge, H., & Henkens, K. (2008). Adjustment to and satisfaction with retirement: Two of a kind? Psychology and Aging, 23, 422-434. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.23.2.422
von Soest, T., & Hagtvet, K. A. (2011). Mediation analysis in a latent growth curve modeling framework. Structural Equation Modeling, 18, 289-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2011.557344
Wang, M. (2007). Profiling retirees in the retirement transition and adjustment process: Examining the longitudinal change patterns of retirees' psychological well-being. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 455-474. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.2.455
Wang, M., Henkens, K., & van Solinge, H. (2011). Retirement adjustment: A review of theoretical and empirical advancements. American Psychologist, 66, 204-213. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022414
Wang, M., & Shi, J. (2014). Psychological research on retirement. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 209-233. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115131
Wang, M., & Shultz, K. S. (2010). Employee retirement: A review and recommendations for future investigation. Journal of Management, 36, 172-206. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309347957
Wetzel, M., Huxhold, O., & Tesch-Römer, C. (2015). Transition into retirement affects life satisfaction: Short- and long-term development depends on last labor market status and education. Social Indicators Research, 125, 991-1009. 0.1007/s11205-015-0862-4
Yap, S. C., Anusic, I., & Lucas, R. E. (2012). Does personality moderate reaction and adaptation to major life events? Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey. Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 477-488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2012.05.005
Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52, 30-41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2