Sex-specificity in lung cancer risk.
lung cancer
sex differences
tobacco smoking
Journal
International journal of cancer
ISSN: 1097-0215
Titre abrégé: Int J Cancer
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0042124
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 05 2020
01 05 2020
Historique:
received:
01
05
2019
revised:
20
09
2019
accepted:
24
09
2019
pubmed:
5
10
2019
medline:
1
7
2020
entrez:
5
10
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Smoking is indisputably linked to lung cancer, yet only a small fraction of smokers develops this disease. Although previously tobacco-derived carcinogens and enzyme polymorphisms have been identified to increase the risk for smokers, recent epidemiological data suggest even sex-specificity as a new and additional factor. Obviously, women have a higher risk to develop lung cancer upon smoking than men. Overall, the odds ratio to develop lung cancer was almost three times greater for women than for men, DNA adduct levels were higher among females than in males and mutations in the tumor suppressor gene p53 and the proto-oncogene K-RAS were more frequently found in women than in men. A growing number of studies suggest that the interaction between tobacco carcinogens and endogenous and exogenous sex steroids may be important. Women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or oral contraceptives experienced to have an increased lung cancer incidence. Epidemiologic data on HRT show a significant association between both a younger median age at lung cancer diagnosis and a shorter median survival time. Another clue is the significantly higher number of lung cancer diagnosed women who are largely premenopausal in comparison to diagnosed men in the same age or women with shorter menstrual cycles. Finally, the Coronary Drug Project (men who received estrogen preparations to reduce future cardiac events) was stopped when increased lung cancer mortality was observed in the estrogen therapy group. The present review provides a short overview and discussion on lung cancer risk and the impact thereon of sex.
Substances chimiques
Carcinogens
0
MAS1 protein, human
0
Proto-Oncogene Mas
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2376-2382Informations de copyright
© 2019 UICC.
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