Evolving paradigms in valvular heart disease: where should guidelines move?

The field of valve intervention is rapidly changing. Clinical practice guidelines are based on evidence and practical clinical experience. The randomised trials considered for the guideline recommendations regarding indications for TAVI cover the high-risk and intermediate-risk subgroups of patients. With new evidence for low-risk patients, consideration has to be given to discussing TAVI as the default strategy in the majority of patients. This is a paradigm shift from the established practice. More than ever, the patient will be at the centre of the decision making. The Heart Team is essential for optimal patient pathways, as patient factors, longevity and durability considerations have to inform the discussion. Further developments discussed in this article revolve around evidence on secondary mitral regurgitation and mitral edge-to-edge repair.