Phenoxyethanol-Based Embalming for Anatomy Teaching: An 18 Years' Experience with Crosado Embalming at the University of Otago in New Zealand.
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Anatomy
/ education
Cadaver
Embalming
/ methods
Esthetics
Ethylene Glycols
Faculty
/ statistics & numerical data
Female
Fixatives
/ toxicity
Formaldehyde
/ toxicity
Humans
Learning
Male
Middle Aged
New Zealand
Odorants
/ prevention & control
Students, Medical
/ psychology
Tissue Fixation
/ methods
Young Adult
cadaver embalming
cadaver fixation
dissection room teaching
formaldehyde reduction
gross anatomy education
laboratory teaching
learning outcomes
phenol replacement
phenoxyethanol
Journal
Anatomical sciences education
ISSN: 1935-9780
Titre abrégé: Anat Sci Educ
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101392205
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2020
Nov 2020
Historique:
received:
05
04
2019
revised:
28
10
2019
accepted:
19
11
2019
pubmed:
24
11
2019
medline:
10
8
2021
entrez:
24
11
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Embalming fixatives such as formaldehyde and phenol have been associated with occupational health hazards. While anatomists aim at replacing these chemicals, this seems presently unfeasible in particular for formaldehyde. Furthermore, fixation protocols usually require well-equipped facilities with highly experienced staff to achieve good fixation results in spite of only a minimal use of formaldehyde. Combining these aspects, a technique robust enough to be carried out by morticians is presented, resulting in durable tissues with minimal formaldehyde use. An embalming protocol involving phenoxyethanol was established, using concentrations of 7 and 1.5 Vol% of phenoxyethanol in the fixative and the conservation fluid, respectively. Visual, haptic, histological, and biomechanical properties and their perceived potential to positively influence student learning outcomes were compared to standard embalming techniques. The phenoxyethanol technique provides esthetic, durable, and odorless tissues. Bleaching is less pronounced compared to ethanol- or formaldehyde-based protocols. The tissues remain pliable following the phenoxyethanol-based embalming and can be used for biomechanical experiments to some extent. Phenoxyethanol-fixed tissues are well suited for undergraduate teaching with perceived positive learning outcomes and partly for postgraduate training. Phenoxyethanol tissues provide the option to obtain well-preserved histology samples, similar to those derived from formaldehyde. The provided protocol helps replace the use of phenol and formaldehyde for conservation purposes and minimizes the use of formaldehyde for the initial injection fixation. Phenoxyethanol-based embalming forms an effective alternative to standard embalming techniques for human cadavers. It is simple to use, allowing fixation procedures to be carried out in less sophisticated facilities with non-anatomy staff.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31758863
doi: 10.1002/ase.1933
pmc: PMC7687111
doi:
Substances chimiques
Ethylene Glycols
0
Fixatives
0
Formaldehyde
1HG84L3525
phenoxyethanol
HIE492ZZ3T
Types de publication
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
778-793Subventions
Organisme : Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst
Informations de copyright
© 2019 The Authors. Anatomical Sciences Education published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomy.
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