Negotiating Power: How youth organizers recast the debate about school reform.
Journal
Journal of community psychology
ISSN: 1520-6629
Titre abrégé: J Community Psychol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0367033
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 2021
11 2021
Historique:
revised:
29
10
2019
received:
15
04
2019
accepted:
31
10
2019
pubmed:
26
11
2019
medline:
15
12
2021
entrez:
26
11
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
In the context of a neoliberal policy landscape, urban high school students who are constructed by policymakers as either dependents or deviants have little to no agency in the larger policy debates that shape what kinds of educational opportunities and choices are available to them. In this article, we explore how the Philadelphia Student Union (PSU), a youth organizing group, engaged in the debate around educational change and attempted to shift public opinion and understanding. Specifically, we examine how PSU derived and deployed power in a contest with school policymakers about educational reform. Understanding this exercise of power as a means of advancing youth voice and developing equitable systems of public accountability for all stakeholders can help us better appreciate the role youth can play in negotiating the terms of the debate over how best to improve the schools serving our nation's most vulnerable students.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
3017-3032Informations de copyright
© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Références
Angelides, P. (2001). The development of an efficient technique for collecting and analyzing qualitative data: The analysis of critical incidents. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 14(3), 429-442. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518390110029058
Au, W., & Ferrare, J. J. (2015). Introduction: Neoliberalism, social networks, and the new governance of education. In W. Au & J. J. Ferrare (Eds.), Mapping corporate education reform (pp. 1-22). New York: Routledge.
Bishop, E. (2015). Becoming activist: Critical literacy and youth organizing. New York: Peter Lang.
Braxton, E., Buford, W., & Marasigan, L. (2013). National field scan. New York: Funders' Collaborative on Youth Organizing.
Bunch, W. (2014). Simms: An educated student is her worst customer. The Philadelphia Inquirer, October 16. Retrieved from. https://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/attytood/Simms-An-educated-student-is-her-worst-customer.html
Carver, R. L. (1997). When the ABCs that students learn are agency, belonging, and competence (pp. 1-36). Chicago, IL: American Educational Research Association.
Christens, B. D. (2019). Community power and empowerment. New York: Oxford University Press.
Christens, B. D., & Speer, P. W. (2015). Community organizing: Practice, research, and policy implications. Social Issues and Policy Review, 9(1), 193-222.
Conner, J. (2014). Lessons that last: Former youth organizers' reflections on what and how they learned. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 23, 447-484. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508406.2014.928213
Conner, J. (2020). The new student activists: The rise of neoactivism on college and university campuses. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Conner, J., & Rosen, S. M. (2016). In J. Conner & S. M. Rosen (Eds.), Contemporary youth activism: Advancing social justice in the United States. Denver, CO: Praeger.
Conner, J., Zaino, K., & Scarola, E. (2013). “Very powerful voices”: The influence of youth organizing on educational policy in Philadelphia. Educational Policy, 27, 560-588. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904812454001
Dale Mezzacappa: Philadelphia is ground zero for the national education crisis. (2012, June 6). In Newsworks. Retrieved from https://whyy.org/articles/dale-mezzacappa-philadelphia-is-ground-zero-for-the-national-education-crisis/
David, J., & Cuban, L. (2010). Cutting through the hype: The essential guide to school reform. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.
Farthing, R. (2010). The politics of youthful antipolitics: Representing the “issue” of youth participation in politics. Journal of Youth Studies, 13(2), 181-195.
Feldie. (n.d.). PSU Won't Back Down. Retrieved from https://soundcloud.com/feldie
Ferman, B. (2017). Introduction: The new landscape of education politics. In B. Ferman (Ed.), The fight for America's schools: Grassroots organizing in education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Flanagan, C. A., & Syvertsen, A. K. (2006). Youth as a social construct and social actor. In L. R. Sherrod, C. A. Flanagan, R. Kassimir & A. K. Syvertsen (Eds.), Youth activism: An international encyclopedia (1, pp. 11-19). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Galbraith, J. K. (1983). The anatomy of power. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Gallay, E., Lupinacci, J., Sarmiento, C. S., Flanagan, C., & Lowenstein, E. (2016). Youth environmental stewardship and activism for the environmental commons. In J. Conner & S. M. Rosen (Eds.), Contemporary youth activism: Advancing social justice in the United States (pp. 113-133). Denver, CO: Praeger.
Giroux, H. (2011). Education and the crisis of public values: Challenging the assault on teachers, students, and public education. New York: Peter Lang.
Gordon, H. R., & Taft, J. K. (2011). Rethinking youth political socialization: Teenage activists talk back. Youth & Society, 43(4), 1499-1527.
Graham, K. (2014a). SRC member caught on tape berating students. The Philadelphia Inquirer, B04. November 13.
Graham, K. (2014b). Tape refutes SRC member-Sylvia Simms denied berating student protesters, but video shows she did. The Philadelphia Inquirer, B04. November 13.
Hosang, D. (2003). Youth and community organizing today (p.18). Retrieved from Funders' Collaborative on Youth Organizing website:internal-pdf://fcyo#2-3658343680/fcyo#2.pdf
Jacobsen, R., & Linkow, T. W. (2012). The engaged citizen index: Examining the racial and ethnic civic and political engagement gaps of young adults (No. 74, pp. 1-39). Boston, MA: Tufts University Jonathan M. Tisch College of Citizenship and Public Service.
Johnson, M., & Barnz, D. (2012). Won't back down. Los Angeles, CA: Walden Media.
Kase, A. (2013, August 20). “Indescribably insane:” A public school system from hell. Salon. Retrieved from https://www.salon.com/2013/08/19/indescribably_insane%E2%80%9D_philadelphias_public_school_nightmare/
Kennelly, J. (2011). Citizen youth: Culture, activism, and agency in a neoliberal era. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kenway, J., & Bullen, E. (2008). The global corporate curriculum and the young cyberflaneur as global citizen. In N. Dolby & F. Rizvy (Eds.), Youth moves: Identities and education in global perspective (pp. 17-32). New York: Routledge.
Klandermans, B. (2007). The demand and supply of participation: Social-psychological correlates of participation in social movements. In D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule & H. Kriesi (Eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (pp. 360-379). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Levine, P., & Kawashima-Ginsberg, K. (2015). Civic education and deeper learning. Boston, MA: Jobs for the Future.
Lipman, P. (2011). The new political economy of urban education: Neoliberalism, race, and the right to the city. New York: Routledge.
Lukes, S. (1974). Power: A radical view. London: Macmillan Press.
Males, M. (2006). Youth policy and institutional change. In S. Ginwright, P. Noguera, & J. Cammarota (Eds.), Beyond resistance!: Youth activism and community change: New democratic possibilities for practice and policy for America's youth (pp. 301-318). Retrieved from internal-pdf://YouthPolicyInstitChg-0878571520/YouthPolicyInstitChg.pdf
McAdam, D., McCarthy, J. D., & Zald, M. N. (1996). Introduction: Opportunities, mobilizing structures, and framing processes-Toward a synthetic, comparative perspective on social movements. In D. McAdam, J. D. McCarthy & M. N. Zald (Eds.), Comparative perspectives on social movements: Political opportunities, mobilizing structures, and cultural framings. New York: Cambridge University Press.
McCorry, K. (2014a, October 16). School Reform Commissioner Simms defends her action at film screening. The Philadelphia Public School Notebook. Retrieved from https://thenotebook.org/articles/2014/10/16/school-reform-commissioner-simms-defends-her-action-at-film-screening/
McCorry, K. (2014b, November 12). New video clearly shows SRC member telling Philly kids they're ‘probably in failing schools.’ In Newsworks. Retrieved from https://whyy.org/articles/new-video-clearly-shows-src-commissioner-telling-philly-kids-they-are-probably-in-failing-schools/
McQuade, D. (2014). Students: School reform commission member told us “you belong in jail.” Philadelphia Magazine, October 16. Retrieved from. https://www.phillymag.com/news/2014/10/16/students-school-reform-commission-member-told-us-belong-jail/
Mitra, D. (2004). The significance of students: Can increasing “student voice” in schools lead to gains in youth development? Teachers College Record, 106(4), 651-658.
Parents United for Public Education. (2014, November 18). Statement: Students deserve and apology-Not insults. Retrieved from Parents United for Public Education website: https://parentsunitedphila.com/2014/11/18/statement-students-deserve-an-apology-not-insults/
Ravitch, D. (2014a). Reign of error: The hoax of the privatization movement and the danger to America's public schools. New York, NY: Vintage.
Ravitch, D. (2014b, October 16). Philadelphia students fight for their schools (did SRC member really say that?). Retrieved March 4, 2019, from Diane Ravitch's Blog website: https://dianeravitch.net/2014/10/16/philadelphia-students-fight-for-their-schools-did-src-member-really-say-that/#comments
Rosen, S. M. (2016). Identity performance and collectivist leadership in the Philadelphia Student Union. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 19(2), 224-240. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2014.954628
Rosen, S. M. (2019). “So much of my very soul”: How youth organizers' identity projects pave agentive pathways for civic engagement. American Educational Research Journal, 56(3), 1033-1063.
Rosen, S. M., & Conner, J. (2016). Conceptualizing youth activists' leadership: A multidimensional framework. In J. Conner & S. M. Rosen (Eds.), Contemporary youth activism: Advancing social justice in the United States (pp. 59-78). Denver, CO: Praeger.
Schneider, A., & Ingram, H. (1993). Social construction of target populations: Implications for politics and policy. American Political Science Review, 87(2), 334-347.
Schreier, M. (2012). Qualitative content analysis in practice. Washington, DC: Sage Publications.
Shahid, W. (2014, October 16). Philly students disrupt antiunion film screening at school district HQ. In Newsworks. Retrieved from https://whyy.org/articles/philly-students-disrupt-film-screening-at-school-district-hq/
Sikes, P. J., Measor, L., & Woods, P. (1985). Teacher careers: Crises and continuities. London: Croom Helm.
Snelson, C. L. (2016). Qualitative and mixed methods social media research: A review of the literature. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 15(1), 1-15.
Snow, D. A., & Benford, R. D. (1992). Master frames and cycles of protest. In A. D. Morris & C. M. Mueller (Eds.), Frontiers in social movement theory (pp. 133-155). New Haven: Yale University Press.
Snow, D. A. (2007). Framing processes, ideology, and discursive fields. In D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule & H. Kriesi (Eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (pp. 380-412). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Speer, P. W. (2008). Social power and forms of change: Implications for psychopolitical validity. Journal of Community Psychology, 36(2), 199-213.
Su, C. (2009). Introduction. In J. Theoharis, G. Alonso, N. S. Anderson & C. Su (Eds.), Our schools suck: Students talk back to a segregated nation on the failures of urban education (pp. 1-30). New York: NYU Press.
Swan, K., Barton, K., Buckles, S., Burke, F., Charkins, J., Grant, S. G., … Wiesner-Hanks, M. (2017). College, career and civic life: C3 framework for social studies state standards. Silver Spring, MD: National Council for the Social Studies.
Taines, C. (2012). Educational or social reform? Students inform the debate over improving urban schools. Education and Urban Society, 44(3), 247-273.
Tarrow, S. (1998). Power in movement: Social movements and contentious politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Tripp, D. (1993). Critical incidents in teaching. London: Routledge.
Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic volunteerism in American politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Watts, R. J., & Flanagan, C. (2007). Pushing the envelope on youth civic engagement: A developmental and liberation psychology perspective. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(6), 779-792.
Won't back down. (n.d.). In IMDb. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1870529/
Woods, P. (1993). Critical events in education. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 14(4), 355-371.
Wright, E. O. (1994). Interrogating inequality: Essays on class analysis, socialism and Marxism. New York: Verso.