The empathy continuum: An evidenced-based teaching model derived from an integrative review of contemporary nursing literature.
education
empathy
empathy continuum
integrative review
nurses
nursing
training
Journal
Journal of clinical nursing
ISSN: 1365-2702
Titre abrégé: J Clin Nurs
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9207302
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Apr 2020
Apr 2020
Historique:
received:
27
06
2019
revised:
29
09
2019
accepted:
18
11
2019
pubmed:
11
12
2019
medline:
20
6
2020
entrez:
11
12
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
This paper has two aims : first, to explain the concept of empathy derived from an integrative review of contemporary nursing literature; and second, to profile a new conceptual model that can be used to inform the teaching of empathy. Empathy is fundamental to therapeutic communication and integral to quality patient care. However, the lack of agreement on the definition or conceptualisation of empathy in the nursing literature can make teaching and evaluating this skill challenging and inconsistent. Integrative review of literature. Publications from January 2000 to July 2018 in Ovid Medline, Scopus, CINAHLPlus, PsycINFO, and PubMed. As no integrative review checklists are currently available, a PRISMA checklist was adapted to guide this review. A two-stage approach was used to explore the concept of empathy. Key definitions and attributes of empathy were identified from 11 primary studies and tabulated to allow for display and comparison. Next, the definitions and attributes of empathy drawn from a purposeful sample of 18 nursing education studies were examined, tabulated and summarised. Finally, the two samples were integrated and synthesised to form a cohesive summary, which was then illustrated with teaching and learning exemplars. Despite the lack of consensus on the definitions of empathy evident in the literature, recurring attributes and elements of empathy were evident, leading to the development of a new empathy model. Patterns of consistency in the attributes of empathy that emerged from the review provided the basis for a new conceptual model, termed "The Empathy Continuum." Each of the stages in the Empathy Continuum can be used to teach learners the meaning, attributes and application of empathy in practice. The model will be relevant to nurse educators as well as educators from other disciplines.
Sections du résumé
AIMS
OBJECTIVE
This paper has two aims : first, to explain the concept of empathy derived from an integrative review of contemporary nursing literature; and second, to profile a new conceptual model that can be used to inform the teaching of empathy.
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Empathy is fundamental to therapeutic communication and integral to quality patient care. However, the lack of agreement on the definition or conceptualisation of empathy in the nursing literature can make teaching and evaluating this skill challenging and inconsistent.
DESIGN
METHODS
Integrative review of literature.
DATA SOURCES
METHODS
Publications from January 2000 to July 2018 in Ovid Medline, Scopus, CINAHLPlus, PsycINFO, and PubMed.
REVIEW METHODS
METHODS
As no integrative review checklists are currently available, a PRISMA checklist was adapted to guide this review. A two-stage approach was used to explore the concept of empathy. Key definitions and attributes of empathy were identified from 11 primary studies and tabulated to allow for display and comparison. Next, the definitions and attributes of empathy drawn from a purposeful sample of 18 nursing education studies were examined, tabulated and summarised. Finally, the two samples were integrated and synthesised to form a cohesive summary, which was then illustrated with teaching and learning exemplars.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Despite the lack of consensus on the definitions of empathy evident in the literature, recurring attributes and elements of empathy were evident, leading to the development of a new empathy model.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
Patterns of consistency in the attributes of empathy that emerged from the review provided the basis for a new conceptual model, termed "The Empathy Continuum."
RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
CONCLUSIONS
Each of the stages in the Empathy Continuum can be used to teach learners the meaning, attributes and application of empathy in practice. The model will be relevant to nurse educators as well as educators from other disciplines.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
1026-1040Informations de copyright
© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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