Improvement of Constipation Symptoms in an Older Adult Patient by Defecation Care Based on Using a Handheld Ultrasound Device in Home Care Settings: A Case Report.


Journal

Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society
ISSN: 1528-3976
Titre abrégé: J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9435679

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Historique:
entrez: 14 1 2020
pubmed: 14 1 2020
medline: 18 9 2020
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Although previous studies have demonstrated the ability of ultrasound to detect stool in the colon and rectum, the clinical utility of evaluating constipation via ultrasonic imaging by nurses has not been determined. In this case report, we observed fecal retention, assessed the presence of constipation, and performed defecation care in an older adult patient in a home care setting in a city near the metropolitan area in Japan. An 85-year-old male with advanced stage prostate cancer and multiple metastases was diagnosed with fecal impaction via digital rectal examination and evaluation of stool consistency. He was managed by regular digital evacuation of stool, but ultrasonic imaging indicated constipation with fecal retention in both the rectum and the colon despite this bowel evacuation program. When faced with this situation, we advocate a bowel management program that considers both intestinal elimination dysfunction and fecal transport dysfunction. Based on ultrasonic imaging, stool consistency was altered by promoting water intake, and we promoted self-defecation by asking the patient to attempt to move his bowels (regardless of cues to defecation) by sitting on the toilet every morning. As a result, the number of weekly enemas and digital dis-impaction episodes decreased while the number of spontaneous defecations increased. This case report demonstrated that ultrasonography improved bowel management in this patient with clinically severe chronic constipation.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Although previous studies have demonstrated the ability of ultrasound to detect stool in the colon and rectum, the clinical utility of evaluating constipation via ultrasonic imaging by nurses has not been determined. In this case report, we observed fecal retention, assessed the presence of constipation, and performed defecation care in an older adult patient in a home care setting in a city near the metropolitan area in Japan.
CASE METHODS
An 85-year-old male with advanced stage prostate cancer and multiple metastases was diagnosed with fecal impaction via digital rectal examination and evaluation of stool consistency. He was managed by regular digital evacuation of stool, but ultrasonic imaging indicated constipation with fecal retention in both the rectum and the colon despite this bowel evacuation program. When faced with this situation, we advocate a bowel management program that considers both intestinal elimination dysfunction and fecal transport dysfunction. Based on ultrasonic imaging, stool consistency was altered by promoting water intake, and we promoted self-defecation by asking the patient to attempt to move his bowels (regardless of cues to defecation) by sitting on the toilet every morning. As a result, the number of weekly enemas and digital dis-impaction episodes decreased while the number of spontaneous defecations increased.
CONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS
This case report demonstrated that ultrasonography improved bowel management in this patient with clinically severe chronic constipation.

Identifiants

pubmed: 31929449
doi: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000610
pii: 00152192-202001000-00014
doi:

Types de publication

Case Reports Journal Article

Langues

eng

Pagination

75-78

Références

Bharucha AE, Pemberton JH, Locke GR 3rd. American Gastroenterological Association technical review on constipation. Gastroenterology. 2013;144(1):218–238.
Bouras EP, Tangalos EG. Chronic constipation in the elderly. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2009;38(3):463–480.
Fukawa T. Prevalence of dementia among the elderly population in Japan. Health Prim Care. 2018;2. doi:10.15761/HPC.1000.147.
Bailes BK, Reeve K. Constipation in older adults. Nurse Practitioner. 2013;38(8):21–25.
Darrow CJ, Devito JF. An occurrence of sepsis during inpatient fecal disimpaction. Pediatrics. 2014;133(1):e235–e239.
Matsumoto M, Tanaka S, Yabunaka K, et al. Ultrasonographic evaluation of changes over time in one defecation cycle in adults with functional constipation: a report of two cases. Drug Discov Ther. 2018; 12(5):304–308.
Yabunaka K, Matsuo J, Hara A, et al. Sonographic visualization of fecal loading in adults: comparison with computed tomography. J Diagn Med Sonogr. 2015;31(2):86–92.
Yabunaka K, Nakagami G, Komagata K, Sanada H. Ultrasonographic follow-up of functional chronic constipation in adults: a report of two cases. SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2017;5:2050313X17694234.
Yabunaka K, Nakagami G, Tabata K, et al. Constipation in the elderly in a Japanese long-term medical facility: an ultrasonographic investigation. Drug Discov Ther. 2018;12(4):233–238.
Yabunaka K, Sanada S, Fukui H, Tamate S, Fujioka M. Transabdominal sonographic appearance of adult colonic polyps. J Med Ultrason (2001). 2006;33(4):231–237.
Yabunaka K, Matsumoto M, Yoshida M, et al. Assessment of rectal feces storage condition by a point-of-care pocket-size ultrasound device for healthy adult subjects: a preliminary study. Drug Discov Ther. 2018;12(1):42–46.
Tanaka S, Yabunaka K, Matsumoto M, et al. Fecal distribution changes using colorectal ultrasonography in older people with physical and cognitive impairment living in long-term care facilities: a longitudinal observational study. Healthcare (Basel). 2018;6(2). doi:10.3390/healthcare6020055.
Frohmader TJ, Chaboyer WP, Robertson IK, Gowardman J. Decrease in frequency of liquid stool in enterally fed critically ill patients given the multispecies probiotic VSL#3: a pilot trial. Am J Crit Care. 2010;19(3):e1–e11.
Whelan K, Judd PA, Preedy VR, Taylor MA. Covert assessment of concurrent and construct validity of a chart to characterize fecal output and diarrhea in patients receiving enteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2008;32(2):160–168.
Whelan K, Judd PA, Taylor MA. Assessment of fecal output in patients receiving enteral tube feeding: validation of a novel chart. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58(7):1030–1037.
Chumpitazi BP, Self MM, Czyzewski DI, Cejka S, Swank PR, Shulman RJ. Bristol Stool Form Scale reliability and agreement decreases when determining Rome III stool form designations. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016;28(3):443–448.
Lewis SJ, Heaton KW. Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1997;32(9):920–924.
Longstreth GF, Thompson WG, Chey WD, Houghton LA, Mearin F, Spiller RC. Functional bowel disorders. Gastroenterology. 2006;130(5):1480–1491.
Bijos A, Czerwionka-Szaflarska M, Mazur A, Romanczuk W. The usefulness of ultrasound examination of the bowel as a method of assessment of functional chronic constipation in children. Pediatr Radiol. 2007;37(12):1247–1252.
Karaman A, Ramadan SU, Karaman I, et al. Diagnosis and follow-up in constipated children: should we use ultrasound? J Pediatr Surg. 2010;45(9):1849–1855.
Zarate N, Knowles CH, Newell M, et al. In patients with slow transit constipation, the pattern of colonic transit delay does not differentiate between those with and without impaired rectal evacuation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(2):427–434.
Hussain ZH, Whitehead DA, Lacy BE. Fecal impaction. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2014;16(9):404.
Zhu X, Li J, Fu T, Sun P, Jing Y, Tian W. Laparoscopic-assisted subtotal colectomy combined with modified Duhamel procedure for mixed constipation. JSLS. 2015;19(1):e2014.00131.
Huang TT, Yang SD, Tsai YH, Chin YF, Wang BH, Tsay PK. Effectiveness of individualised intervention on older residents with constipation in nursing home: a randomised controlled trial. J Clin Nurs. 2015;24(23/24):3449–3458.
Shen Q, Zhu H, Jiang G, Liu X. Nurse-led self-management educational intervention improves symptoms of patients with functional constipation. West J Nurs Res. 2018;40(6):874–888.
Turan N, Ast TA. The effect of abdominal massage on constipation and quality of life. Gastroenterol Nurs. 2016;39(1):48–59.
Zhang Y, Xia X, Zhuang X. Effect of quantitative assessment-based nursing intervention on the bowel function and life quality of patients with neurogenic bowel dysfunction after spinal cord injury. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27(5–6):e1146–e1151.

Auteurs

Masaru Matsumoto (M)

Masaru Matsumoto, PhD, RN, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Koichi Yabunaka, PhD, RT, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Mikako Yoshida, PhD, RNM, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Gojiro Nakagami, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuka Miura, PhD, RN, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Yohei Okawa, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Junko Sugama, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Shingo Okada, MD, Department of Surgery, Kitamihara Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan.
Hideki Ohta, PhD, MD, Medical Corporation Activities Supporting Medicine: Systematic Services (A.S.M.ss), Tochigi, Japan.
Hiromi Sanada, PhD, RN, CWOCN, FAAN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Koichi Yabunaka (K)

Masaru Matsumoto, PhD, RN, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Koichi Yabunaka, PhD, RT, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Mikako Yoshida, PhD, RNM, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Gojiro Nakagami, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuka Miura, PhD, RN, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Yohei Okawa, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Junko Sugama, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Shingo Okada, MD, Department of Surgery, Kitamihara Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan.
Hideki Ohta, PhD, MD, Medical Corporation Activities Supporting Medicine: Systematic Services (A.S.M.ss), Tochigi, Japan.
Hiromi Sanada, PhD, RN, CWOCN, FAAN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Mikako Yoshida (M)

Masaru Matsumoto, PhD, RN, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Koichi Yabunaka, PhD, RT, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Mikako Yoshida, PhD, RNM, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Gojiro Nakagami, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuka Miura, PhD, RN, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Yohei Okawa, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Junko Sugama, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Shingo Okada, MD, Department of Surgery, Kitamihara Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan.
Hideki Ohta, PhD, MD, Medical Corporation Activities Supporting Medicine: Systematic Services (A.S.M.ss), Tochigi, Japan.
Hiromi Sanada, PhD, RN, CWOCN, FAAN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Gojiro Nakagami (G)

Masaru Matsumoto, PhD, RN, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Koichi Yabunaka, PhD, RT, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Mikako Yoshida, PhD, RNM, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Gojiro Nakagami, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuka Miura, PhD, RN, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Yohei Okawa, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Junko Sugama, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Shingo Okada, MD, Department of Surgery, Kitamihara Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan.
Hideki Ohta, PhD, MD, Medical Corporation Activities Supporting Medicine: Systematic Services (A.S.M.ss), Tochigi, Japan.
Hiromi Sanada, PhD, RN, CWOCN, FAAN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Yuka Miura (Y)

Masaru Matsumoto, PhD, RN, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Koichi Yabunaka, PhD, RT, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Mikako Yoshida, PhD, RNM, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Gojiro Nakagami, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuka Miura, PhD, RN, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Yohei Okawa, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Junko Sugama, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Shingo Okada, MD, Department of Surgery, Kitamihara Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan.
Hideki Ohta, PhD, MD, Medical Corporation Activities Supporting Medicine: Systematic Services (A.S.M.ss), Tochigi, Japan.
Hiromi Sanada, PhD, RN, CWOCN, FAAN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Yohei Okawa (Y)

Masaru Matsumoto, PhD, RN, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Koichi Yabunaka, PhD, RT, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Mikako Yoshida, PhD, RNM, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Gojiro Nakagami, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuka Miura, PhD, RN, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Yohei Okawa, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Junko Sugama, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Shingo Okada, MD, Department of Surgery, Kitamihara Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan.
Hideki Ohta, PhD, MD, Medical Corporation Activities Supporting Medicine: Systematic Services (A.S.M.ss), Tochigi, Japan.
Hiromi Sanada, PhD, RN, CWOCN, FAAN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Junko Sugama (J)

Masaru Matsumoto, PhD, RN, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Koichi Yabunaka, PhD, RT, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Mikako Yoshida, PhD, RNM, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Gojiro Nakagami, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuka Miura, PhD, RN, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Yohei Okawa, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Junko Sugama, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Shingo Okada, MD, Department of Surgery, Kitamihara Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan.
Hideki Ohta, PhD, MD, Medical Corporation Activities Supporting Medicine: Systematic Services (A.S.M.ss), Tochigi, Japan.
Hiromi Sanada, PhD, RN, CWOCN, FAAN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Shingo Okada (S)

Masaru Matsumoto, PhD, RN, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Koichi Yabunaka, PhD, RT, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Mikako Yoshida, PhD, RNM, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Gojiro Nakagami, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuka Miura, PhD, RN, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Yohei Okawa, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Junko Sugama, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Shingo Okada, MD, Department of Surgery, Kitamihara Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan.
Hideki Ohta, PhD, MD, Medical Corporation Activities Supporting Medicine: Systematic Services (A.S.M.ss), Tochigi, Japan.
Hiromi Sanada, PhD, RN, CWOCN, FAAN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Hideki Ohta (H)

Masaru Matsumoto, PhD, RN, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Koichi Yabunaka, PhD, RT, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Mikako Yoshida, PhD, RNM, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Gojiro Nakagami, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuka Miura, PhD, RN, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Yohei Okawa, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Junko Sugama, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Shingo Okada, MD, Department of Surgery, Kitamihara Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan.
Hideki Ohta, PhD, MD, Medical Corporation Activities Supporting Medicine: Systematic Services (A.S.M.ss), Tochigi, Japan.
Hiromi Sanada, PhD, RN, CWOCN, FAAN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Hiromi Sanada (H)

Masaru Matsumoto, PhD, RN, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Koichi Yabunaka, PhD, RT, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Mikako Yoshida, PhD, RNM, Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Gojiro Nakagami, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuka Miura, PhD, RN, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Yohei Okawa, PhD, RN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Junko Sugama, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Shingo Okada, MD, Department of Surgery, Kitamihara Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan.
Hideki Ohta, PhD, MD, Medical Corporation Activities Supporting Medicine: Systematic Services (A.S.M.ss), Tochigi, Japan.
Hiromi Sanada, PhD, RN, CWOCN, FAAN, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH