Interaction between CIEDs and modern radiotherapy techniques: Flattening filter free-VMAT, dose-rate effects, scatter radiation, and neutron-generating energies.
Cardiac pacemaker
Dose-rate effects
Flattening filter free-VMAT
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
Neutron-generating energies
Scatter radiation
Journal
Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology
ISSN: 1879-0887
Titre abrégé: Radiother Oncol
Pays: Ireland
ID NLM: 8407192
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 2020
11 2020
Historique:
received:
23
06
2019
revised:
07
12
2019
accepted:
12
12
2019
pubmed:
25
1
2020
medline:
15
4
2021
entrez:
25
1
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Providing evidence for radiotherapy (RT)-induced effects on cardiac implantable electric devices (CIEDs) with focus on flattening filter free-volumetric modulated arc therapy (FFF-VMAT) at 6 and 10 MV as well as 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) at 18 MV. 68 CIEDs (64 implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and 4 cardiac pacemakers (PMs)) were located on the left chest position on a slab phantom and irradiated under telemetrical surveillance either directly, or distant to 3D-CRT or FFF-VMAT, dose-rate 2500 cGy/min, and target dose of 150 Gy. Devices were placed within, close by (2.5 cm and 5 cm), and distant (35 cm) to the radiation field. Scatter radiation (SR) and photon neutrons (PN) were recorded. CIEDs were investigated in following groups: 1a) 18 MV 3D-CRT - 4 ICDs/4 PMs out of radiation field, 1b) 18 MV open field - 4 ICDs/4 PMs within radiation field, 2) 6 MV FFF-VMAT, 15 ICDs in 35 cm distance to VMAT, 3) 10 MV-FFF VMAT, 15 ICDs in 35 cm distance to VMAT, 4) 6 MV FFF-VMAT, 15 ICDs in 2.5 cm distance to VMAT, 5) 10 MV FFF-VMAT, 15 ICDs in 2.5 cm distance to VMAT. No incidents occurred at 6 MV FFF. 10 MV FFF-VMAT and 18 MV 3D-CRT resulted in data loss, reset, and erroneous sensing with inhibition of pacing (leading to inadequate defibrillation) in 8/34 ICDs and 2/4 PMs which were not located within radiation. Direct radiation triggered instantaneous defibrillation in 3/4 ICDs. 6 MV FFF-VMAT is safe even at high dose-rates of 2500 cGy/min, regardless whether CIEDs are located close (2.5 cm) or distant (35 cm) to the radiation beam. CIEDs should never be placed within radiation and energy should always be limited to 6 MV. At 6 MV, VMAT at high dose-rates can be used to treat tumors, which are located close to CIEDs.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Providing evidence for radiotherapy (RT)-induced effects on cardiac implantable electric devices (CIEDs) with focus on flattening filter free-volumetric modulated arc therapy (FFF-VMAT) at 6 and 10 MV as well as 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) at 18 MV.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
68 CIEDs (64 implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and 4 cardiac pacemakers (PMs)) were located on the left chest position on a slab phantom and irradiated under telemetrical surveillance either directly, or distant to 3D-CRT or FFF-VMAT, dose-rate 2500 cGy/min, and target dose of 150 Gy. Devices were placed within, close by (2.5 cm and 5 cm), and distant (35 cm) to the radiation field. Scatter radiation (SR) and photon neutrons (PN) were recorded. CIEDs were investigated in following groups: 1a) 18 MV 3D-CRT - 4 ICDs/4 PMs out of radiation field, 1b) 18 MV open field - 4 ICDs/4 PMs within radiation field, 2) 6 MV FFF-VMAT, 15 ICDs in 35 cm distance to VMAT, 3) 10 MV-FFF VMAT, 15 ICDs in 35 cm distance to VMAT, 4) 6 MV FFF-VMAT, 15 ICDs in 2.5 cm distance to VMAT, 5) 10 MV FFF-VMAT, 15 ICDs in 2.5 cm distance to VMAT.
RESULTS
No incidents occurred at 6 MV FFF. 10 MV FFF-VMAT and 18 MV 3D-CRT resulted in data loss, reset, and erroneous sensing with inhibition of pacing (leading to inadequate defibrillation) in 8/34 ICDs and 2/4 PMs which were not located within radiation. Direct radiation triggered instantaneous defibrillation in 3/4 ICDs.
CONCLUSIONS
6 MV FFF-VMAT is safe even at high dose-rates of 2500 cGy/min, regardless whether CIEDs are located close (2.5 cm) or distant (35 cm) to the radiation beam. CIEDs should never be placed within radiation and energy should always be limited to 6 MV. At 6 MV, VMAT at high dose-rates can be used to treat tumors, which are located close to CIEDs.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31973882
pii: S0167-8140(19)33507-8
doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.12.007
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
196-202Commentaires et corrections
Type : ErratumIn
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.