Slowed Luminance Reaction Times in Cervical Dystonia: Disordered Superior Colliculus Processing.
cervical dystonia
reaction times
retinotectal
superior colliculus
Journal
Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society
ISSN: 1531-8257
Titre abrégé: Mov Disord
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8610688
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 2020
05 2020
Historique:
received:
14
11
2019
accepted:
25
11
2019
pubmed:
28
1
2020
medline:
28
4
2021
entrez:
28
1
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Abnormal temporal discrimination in cervical dystonia is hypothesized to be attributable to disrupted processing in the superior colliculus. The fast, luminance-based, retinotectal pathway, projects to the superior colliculus; chromatic stimuli responses, by the retino-geniculo-calcarine pathway, are up to 30 ms longer. We sought to interrogate visual processing and reaction times in patients with cervical dystonia compared with healthy controls. We hypothesized that cervical dystonia patients would have impaired reaction times to luminance based stimuli accessing the retino-tectal pathway in comparison to healthy control participants. In 20 cervical dystonia and 20 age-matched control participants, we compared reaction times to two flashing visual stimuli: (1) a chromatic annulus and (2) a luminant, noncolored annulus. Participants pressed a joystick control when they perceived the annulus flashing. Reaction times in control participants were 20 ms significantly faster in the luminant condition than the chromatic (P = 0.017). Patients with cervical dystonia had no reaction time advantage in response to the luminant stimulus. Cervical dystonia patients (compared to control participants) demonstrated no reduction in their reaction time to luminant stimuli, processed through the retinotectal pathway. This finding is consistent with superior colliculus dysfunction in cervical dystonia. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Abnormal temporal discrimination in cervical dystonia is hypothesized to be attributable to disrupted processing in the superior colliculus. The fast, luminance-based, retinotectal pathway, projects to the superior colliculus; chromatic stimuli responses, by the retino-geniculo-calcarine pathway, are up to 30 ms longer.
OBJECTIVES
We sought to interrogate visual processing and reaction times in patients with cervical dystonia compared with healthy controls. We hypothesized that cervical dystonia patients would have impaired reaction times to luminance based stimuli accessing the retino-tectal pathway in comparison to healthy control participants.
METHODS
In 20 cervical dystonia and 20 age-matched control participants, we compared reaction times to two flashing visual stimuli: (1) a chromatic annulus and (2) a luminant, noncolored annulus. Participants pressed a joystick control when they perceived the annulus flashing.
RESULTS
Reaction times in control participants were 20 ms significantly faster in the luminant condition than the chromatic (P = 0.017). Patients with cervical dystonia had no reaction time advantage in response to the luminant stimulus.
CONCLUSION
Cervical dystonia patients (compared to control participants) demonstrated no reduction in their reaction time to luminant stimuli, processed through the retinotectal pathway. This finding is consistent with superior colliculus dysfunction in cervical dystonia. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
877-880Subventions
Organisme : Health Research Board, Ireland
ID : CSA-2012-5
Pays : International
Informations de copyright
© 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Références
Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB, et al. Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update. Mov Disord 2013;28:863-873.
Williams L, McGovern E, Kimmich O, et al. Epidemiological, clinical and genetic aspects of adult onset isolated focal dystonia in Ireland. Eur J Neurol 2017;24:73-81.
Ceballos-Baumann AO, Passingham RE, Warner T, Playford ED, Marsden CD, Brooks DJ. Overactive prefrontal and underactive motor cortical areas in idiopathic dystonia. Ann Neurol 1995;37:363-372.
Huang YZ, Rothwell JC, Lu CS, Wang J, Chen RS. Restoration of motor inhibition through an abnormal premotor-motor connection in dystonia. Mov Disord 2010;25:696-703.
Levy LM, Hallett M. Impaired brain GABA in focal dystonia. Ann Neurol 2002;51:93-101.
Tisch S, Limousin P, Rothwell JC, et al. Changes in blink reflex excitability after globus pallidus internus stimulation for dystonia. Mov Disord 2006;21:1650-1655.
Bradley D, Whelan R, Kimmich O, et al. Temporal discrimination thresholds in adult-onset primary torsion dystonia: an analysis by task type and by dystonia phenotype. J Neurol 2012;259:77-82.
Kimmich O, Molloy A, Whelan R, et al. Temporal discrimination, a cervical dystonia endophenotype: penetrance and functional correlates. Mov Disord 2014;29:804-811.
Kimmich O, Bradley D, Whelan R, et al. Sporadic adult onset primary torsion dystonia is a genetic disorder by the temporal discrimination test. Brain 2011;134(Pt 9):2656-2663.
Mc Govern EM, Killian O, Narasimham S, et al. Disrupted superior collicular activity may reveal cervical dystonia disease pathomechanisms. Sci Rep 2017;7:16753.
Egeth HE, Yantis S. Visual attention: control, representation, and time course. Annu Rev Psychol 1997;48:269-297.
Krauzlis RJ, Lovejoy LP, Zénon A. Superior colliculus and visual spatial attention. Annu Rev Neurosci 2013;36:165-182. 13.
Katyal S, Zughni S, Greene C, Ress D. Topography of covert visual attention in human superior colliculus. J Neurophysiol 2010;104:3074-3083.
Mizzi R, Michael GA. The role of the collicular pathway in the salience-based progression of visual attention. Behav Brain Res 2014;270:330-338.
Cowey A. The blindsight saga. Exp Brain Res 2010;200:3-24.
Bompas A, Sumner P. Sensory sluggishness dissociates saccadic, manual, and perceptual responses: an S-cone study. J Vis 2008;8:10.1-13.
Cottaris NP, De Valois RL. Temporal dynamics of chromatic tuning in macaque primary visual cortex. Nature 1998;395:896-900.
Mollon JD, Polden PG. Proceedings: some properties of the blue cone mechanism of the eye. J Physiol 1976;254:1P-2P.
McKeefry DJ, Parry NRA, Murray IJ. Simple reaction times in color space: the influence of chromaticity, contrast, and cone opponency. Investig Opthalmology Vis Sci 2003;44:2267.
Schwartz SH. Reaction time distributions and their relationship to the transient/sustained nature of the neural discharge. Vision Res 1992;32:2087-2092.
Dienes Z. How Bayes factors change scientific practice. J Math Psychol 2016;72:78-89.
Rouder JN, Speckman PL, Sun D, Morey RD, Iverson G. Bayesian t tests for accepting and rejecting the null hypothesis. Psychon Bull Rev 2009;16:225-237.
Thirkettle M, Walton T, Shah A, Gurney K, Redgrave P, Stafford T. The path to learning: action acquisition is impaired when visual reinforcement signals must first access cortex. Behav Brain Res 2013;243:267-272.
Smithson HE, Mollon JD. Is the S-opponent chromatic sub-system sluggish? Vision Res 2004;44:2919-2929.