Tumor antigens in glioma.

Immunotherapy applications to glioblastoma represent a new treatment frontier. Antigen-targeted immunotherapy approaches hold enormous potential to elicit antigen-specific anti-tumor effects in central nervous system tumors. Still, the paucity of effective antigen targets remains a significant obstacle in safely and effectively treating glioblastoma and other malignant gliomas with relatively low mutation loads. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of and development of immunotherapy to target 1) shared non-mutant antigens 2) shared mutant antigens (neoantigens) derived from cancer-specific mutations 3) personalized neoantigens derived from tumor-specific genetic alterations containing de novo peptide sequences and 4) virus-derived antigens. We also discuss strategies to enhance tumor immunogenicity and neoantigen prediction. Spatial heterogeneity remains a formidable challenge for immunotherapy of glioma; recent advances in targeting multiple antigens and refining the antigen selection pipeline hold great promise to turn the tide against glioma.

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Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of Competing Interest Hideho Okada is an inventor of the following US utility patent applications; “H3.3 CTL peptides and uses thereof” (Case Number, SF2015-163), which has been exclusively licensed to Tmunity, Inc., “Anti-EGFRvIII chimeric antigen receptor (Case Number, U Penn 02,980), which has been exclusively licensed to Novartis Pharma, Inc. and “Identification of an IL-13 Receptor Alpha2 Peptide Analogue Capable of Enhancing Stimulation of Glioma-Specific CTL Response” which has been exclusively licensed to Stemline, Inc.