'Only ever as a last resort': Mental health nurses' experiences of restrictive practices.
behaviour control/methods
patient isolation
restraint/physical
safety management
violence prevention/control
Journal
International journal of mental health nursing
ISSN: 1447-0349
Titre abrégé: Int J Ment Health Nurs
Pays: Australia
ID NLM: 101140527
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2020
Aug 2020
Historique:
accepted:
19
01
2020
pubmed:
13
2
2020
medline:
29
7
2021
entrez:
13
2
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Nurses play a crucial role in the implementation of restrictive practices such as seclusion and restraint. Restrictive practices have been widely recognized as harmful practices and efforts to reduce their use have been in place for several years. While some reductions have been achieved, more information and insight into the perspectives and experiences of front-line mental health nursing staff is required if further changes are to be realized. Sixty-five respondents participated in an online survey to investigate Australian mental health nurses' personal experiences and opinions regarding restrictive practices. Analysis revealed restrictive practices as a complex, contested and challenging area of practice. Analysis of data revealed five main ways that restrictive practices were framed by respondents. These were as follows: as a response to fear; to maintain safety for all; a legacy of time and place; the last resort; and, a powerful source of occupational distress. In addition, findings revealed the need to support staff involved in restrictive practices. This need could be satisfied through the implementation of procedures to address post-restrictive distress at all levels of the organization. Ensuring an optimal work environment that includes appropriate staffing, availability of supportive education and structured routine debriefing of all episodes of restrictive practice is critical in achieving further reductions in seclusion and restraint.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
674-684Informations de copyright
© 2020 Australian College of Mental Health Nurses Inc.
Références
Allan, J. A., Hanson, G. D., Schroder, N. L., O'Mahony, A. J., Foster, R. M. P. & Sara, G. E. (2017). Six years of national mental health seclusion data: The Australian experience. Australasian Psychiatry, 25, 277-281.
Australian College of Mental Health Nurses. (2019). Safe in Care, Safe at Work (SICSAW): Ensuring Safety in Care and Safety for Staff in Australian Mental Health Services. Canberra, ACT: ACMHN.
Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. (2018). National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards: User Guide for Health Services Providing Care for People with Mental Health Issues. Sydney, NSW: ACSQHC.
Bigwood, S. & Crowe, M. (2008). 'It's part of the job, but it spoils the job': A phenomenological study of physical restraint. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 17, 215-222.
Bowers, L. (2014). Safewards: A new model of conflict and containment on psychiatric wards. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 21, 499-508.
Bowers, L., Cullen, A., Achilla, E. B. et al. (2017). Seclusion and Psychiatric Intensive Care Evaluation Study (SPICES): Combined qualitative and quantitative approaches to the uses and outcomes of coercive practices in mental health services. Health Services and Delivery Research, 5, 1-142.
Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. In: H. Cooper, P. M. Camic, D. L. Long, A. T. Panter, D. Rindskopf & K. J. Sher (Eds). APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Brophy, L. M. R., Roper, C. E., Hamilton, B. E., Tellez, J. J. & McSherry, B. M. (2016). Consumers' and their supporters' perspectives on barriers and strategies to reducing seclusion and restraint in mental health settings. Australian Health Review, 40, 599-604.
Bullock, R., McKenna, B., Kelly, T., Furness, T. & Tacey, M. (2014). When reduction strategies are put in place and mental health consumers are still secluded: an analysis of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 23, 506-512.
Chapman, C. (2014). Becoming perpetrator: How I came to accept restraining and confining disabled Aboriginal children. In B. Burstow, B. A. LeFrancois & S. Diamond (Eds.), Psychitry disrupted: theorizing resistance and crafting the (r)evolution (pp. 16-33). Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press.
Conroy, T., Reo, R., Boucaut, R., Alderman, J. & Kitson, A. (2017). Role of effective nurse-patient relationships in enhancing patient safety. Nursing Standard, 31, 53-63.
Fletcher, J., Hamilton, B., Kinner, S. A. & Brophy, L. (2019). Safewards impact in inpatient mental health units in Victoria, Australia: Staff perspectives. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 462.
Gerace, A. & Muir-Cochrane, E. (2019). Perceptions of nurses working with psychiatric consumers regarding the elimination of seclusion and restraint in psychiatric inpatient settings and emergency departments: An Australian survey. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 28, 209-225.
Gerace, A., Pamungkas, D. R., Oster, C., Thomson, D. & Muir-Cochrane, E. (2014). The use of restraint in four general hospital emergency departments in Australia. Australasian Psychiatry, 22, 366-369.
Gerace, A., Muir-Cochrane, E., O'Kane, D., Couzner, L., Palmer, C. & Thornton, K. (2018). Assistants in nursing working with mental health consumers in the emergency department. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 27, 1729-1741.
Goulet, M.-H., Larue, C. & Dumais, A. (2017). Evaluation of seclusion and restraint reduction programs in mental health: a systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 34, 139-146.
Hernandez, A., Riahi, S., Stuckey, M. I., Mildon, B. A. & Klassen, P. E. (2017). Multidimensional approach to restraint minimization: The journey of a specialized mental health organization. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 26, 482-490.
Huckshorn, K. A. (2006). Six Core Strategies for Reducing Seclusion and Restraint Use©. Alexandria, VA: National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors.
Jalil, R., Huber, J. W., Sixsmith, J. & Dickens, G. L. (2017). Mental health nurses' emotions, exposure to patient aggression, attitudes to and use of coercive measures: Cross sectional questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 75, 130-138.
van Leeuwen, M. & Harte, J. M. (2017). Violence against mental health care professionals: Prevalence, nature and consequences. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28, 581-598.
McKeown, M., Thomson, G., Scholes, A. et al. (2019). Restraint minimisation in mental health care: legitimate or illegitimate force? An ethnographic study. Sociology of Health & Illness. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.13015
Melbourne Social Equity Institute. (2014). Seclusion and restraint project: report. Retrieved from Melbourne, VIC.
Mental Health Carers NSW. (2017). Review of Seclusion, Restraint and Observation of Consumers with a Mental Illness in NSW Health Facilities: Mental Health Carers NSW Submission. Retrieved from Wooloomooloo, NSW. [Cited 23 September 2019]. Available from: URL: https://www.mentalhealthcarersnsw.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Seclusion-Restraint-Submission-Mental-Health-Carers-NSW-2017.pdf
Muir-Cochrane, E. & Gerace, A. (2014). Containment practices in psychiatric care. In: D. Holmes, J. D. Jacob & A. Perron (Eds). Power and the Psychiatric Apparatus: Repression, Transformation and Assistance. London, UK: Routledge.
Muir-Cochrane, E., O'Kane, D. & Oster, C. (2018). Fear and blame in mental health nurses' accounts of restrictive practices: Implications for the elimination of seclusion and restraint. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 27, 1511-1521.
National Mental Health Consumer & Carer Forum. (2009). Ending Seclusion and Restraint in Australian Mental Health Services: A Position Statement by the National Mental Health Consumer & Carer Forum. Deakin West, Australia: NMHCCF.
National Mental Health Consumer & Carer Forum. (2018). Seclusion and Restraint (Restrictive Practices) in Mental Health Services. Deakin West, Australia: NMHCC.
National Mental Health Working Group. (2005). The Seclusion and Restraint Declaration. [Cited 14 March 2019]. Available from: URL: http://www.mentalhealthcommission.gov.au/media/97455/NMHC_Seclusion_and_Restraint_Dec.pdf
NSW Government. (2017). Review of seclusion, restraint and observation of consumers with a mental illness in NSW health facilities. North Sydney, NSW. [Cited 9 March 2019]. Available from: URL: https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/mentalhealth/reviews/seclusionprevention/Pages/about.aspx
NSW Ministry of Health. (2018). Mental health safety and quality in NSW: a plan to implement recommendations of the review of seclusion, restraint and observation of consumers with a mental illness in NSW health facilities. Sydney, NSW: NSW Government. [Cited 20 February 2019]. Available from: URL: https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/mentalhealth/reviews/seclusionprevention/pages/default.aspx
NSW Nurses and Midwives' Association. (2017). When seclusion is the only option. [Cited 2 January 2020]. Available from: URL: http://www.nswnma.asn.au/when-seclusion-is-the-only-option/
Oster, C., Gerace, A., Thomson, D. & Muir-Cochrane, E. (2016). Seclusion and restraint use in adult inpatient mental health care: an Australian perspective. Collegian, 23, 183-190.
Renwick, L., Lavelle, M., James, K., Stewart, D., Richardson, M. & Bowers, L. (2019). The physical and mental health of acute psychiatric ward staff, and its relationship to experience of physical violence. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 28, 268-277.
Riahi, S., Dawe, I. C., Stuckey, M. I. & Klassen, P. E. (2016). Implementation of the six core strategies for restraint minimization in a specialized mental health organization. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 54, 32-39.
Riahi, S., Thomson, G. & Duxbury, J. (2016). An integrative review exploring decision-making factors influencing mental health nurses in the use of restraint. Journal of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 23, 116-128.
Rose, D., Perry, E., Rae, S. & Good, N. (2017). Service user perspectives on coercion and restraint in mental health. The British Journal of Psychiatry International, 14, 59-61.
Royal College of Nursing. (2018). Reducing the Use of Restrictive Practices. [Cited 2 January 2020]. Available from: URL: https://www.rcn.org.uk/news-and-events/blogs/reducing-the-use-of-restrictive-practice-is-your-business-too.
Sailas, E. & Fenton, M. (2000). Seclusion and restraint for people with serious mental illnesses. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 2, CD001163.
Sweeney, A., Filson, B., Kennedy, A., Collinson, L. & Gillard, S. (2018). A paradigm shift: Relationships in trauma-informed mental health services. British Journal of Psychiatry Advances, 24, 319-333.
Te Pou o te Whakaaro Nui. (2013). Six Core Strategies Checklist: New Zealand Adaption. Auckland, New Zealand: Te Pou.
Te Pou oTe Whakaaro Nui. (2015). Towards Restraint-Free Mental Health Practice: Supporting the Reduction and Prevention of Personal Restraint in Mental Health Inpatient Settings. Auckland, New Zealand: Te Pou oTe Whakaaro Nui.
Tong, A., Sainsbury, P. & Craig, J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): A 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19, 349-357.
Wykes, T., Csipke, E., Williams, P. et al. (2018). Improving patient experiences of mental health inpatient care: A randomised controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 48, 488-497.