Practice guideline: Treatment for insomnia and disrupted sleep behavior in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.

Adolescent Child Humans Autism Spectrum Disorder / complications Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / complications

Journal

Neurology
ISSN: 1526-632X
Titre abrégé: Neurology
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401060

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
03 03 2020
Historique:
received: 12 04 2019
accepted: 09 12 2019
pubmed: 14 2 2020
medline: 15 7 2020
entrez: 14 2 2020
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

To review pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies for treating sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to develop recommendations for addressing sleep disturbance in this population. The guideline panel followed the American Academy of Neurology 2011 guideline development process, as amended. The systematic review included studies through December 2017. Recommendations were based on evidence, related evidence, principles of care, and inferences. For children and adolescents with ASD and sleep disturbance, clinicians should assess for medications and coexisting conditions that could contribute to the sleep disturbance and should address identified issues. Clinicians should counsel parents regarding strategies for improved sleep habits with behavioral strategies as a first-line treatment approach for sleep disturbance either alone or in combination with pharmacologic or nutraceutical approaches. Clinicians should offer melatonin if behavioral strategies have not been helpful and contributing coexisting conditions and use of concomitant medications have been addressed, starting with a low dose. Clinicians should recommend using pharmaceutical-grade melatonin if available. Clinicians should counsel children, adolescents, and parents regarding potential adverse effects of melatonin use and the lack of long-term safety data. Clinicians should counsel that there is currently no evidence to support the routine use of weighted blankets or specialized mattress technology for improving disrupted sleep. If asked about weighted blankets, clinicians should counsel that the trial reported no serious adverse events with blanket use and that blankets could be a reasonable nonpharmacologic approach for some individuals.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009033 PMID: 32051244 PMC: PMC7238942
pubmed: 32051244
pii: WNL.0000000000009033
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009033
pmc: PMC7238942
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Practice Guideline Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

392-404

Subventions

Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : P50 HD093074
Pays : United States

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn

Informations de copyright

© 2020 American Academy of Neurology.

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Auteurs

Ashura Williams Buckley (A)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Deborah Hirtz (D)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Maryam Oskoui (M)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Melissa J Armstrong (MJ)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Anshu Batra (A)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Carolyn Bridgemohan (C)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Daniel Coury (D)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Geraldine Dawson (G)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Diane Donley (D)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Robert L Findling (RL)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Thomas Gaughan (T)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

David Gloss (D)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Gary Gronseth (G)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Riley Kessler (R)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Shannon Merillat (S)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

David Michelson (D)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Judith Owens (J)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Tamara Pringsheim (T)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Linmarie Sikich (L)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Aubyn Stahmer (A)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Audrey Thurm (A)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Roberto Tuchman (R)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Zachary Warren (Z)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Amy Wetherby (A)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Max Wiznitzer (M)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

Stephen Ashwal (S)

From the Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch (A.W.B., T.G., R.K., A.T.), National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.H.), University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.O.), McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Developmental Pediatrics (A.B.), Our Special Kids Pediatric Care, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Developmental Medicine (C.B.) and Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders (J.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry (D.C.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development (G.D., L.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Northern Michigan Neurology (D.D.), Traverse City; Department of Child and Behavioral Sciences (R.L.F.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (G.G.), Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; American Academy of Neurology (S.M.), Minneapolis, MN; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (D.M., S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.P.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and MIND Institute (A.S.), University of California, Davis; Division of Neurology (R.T.), Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Miami Children's Hospital, FL; Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (Z.W.), Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN; Autism Institute, College of Medicine (A.W.), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Division of Neurology (M.W.), Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adolescent › Practice guideline: Treatment for insomnia and...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Enfant › Practice guideline: Treatment for insomnia and...
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questionsmedicales.fr › Troubles mentaux › Troubles du développement neurologique › Troubles généralisés du développement de l'enfant › Trouble du spectre autistique › Practice guideline: Treatment for insomnia and...
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