The Effect of Counterfactual Information on Outcome Value Coding in Medial Prefrontal and Cingulate Cortex: From an Absolute to a Relative Neural Code.
Adult
Decision Making
/ physiology
Feedback, Psychological
/ physiology
Female
Functional Neuroimaging
Gyrus Cinguli
/ diagnostic imaging
Humans
Learning
/ physiology
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Neuropsychological Tests
Prefrontal Cortex
/ diagnostic imaging
Reinforcement, Psychology
Young Adult
counterfactual
decision-making
multivariate encoding
reinforcement learning
relative coding
reward encoding
Journal
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
ISSN: 1529-2401
Titre abrégé: J Neurosci
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8102140
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
15 04 2020
15 04 2020
Historique:
received:
18
07
2019
revised:
02
01
2020
accepted:
03
02
2020
pubmed:
12
3
2020
medline:
24
9
2020
entrez:
12
3
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Adaptive coding of stimuli is well documented in perception, where it supports efficient encoding over a broad range of possible percepts. Recently, a similar neural mechanism has been reported also in value-based decision, where it allows optimal encoding of vast ranges of values in PFC: neuronal response to value depends on the choice context (relative coding), rather than being invariant across contexts (absolute coding). Additionally, value learning is sensitive to the amount of feedback information: providing complete feedback (both obtained and forgone outcomes) instead of partial feedback (only obtained outcome) improves learning. However, it is unclear whether relative coding occurs in all PFC regions and how it is affected by feedback information. We systematically investigated univariate and multivariate feedback encoding in various mPFC regions and compared three modes of neural coding: absolute, partially-adaptive and fully-adaptive.Twenty-eight human participants (both sexes) performed a learning task while undergoing fMRI scanning. On each trial, they chose between two symbols associated with a certain outcome. Then, the decision outcome was revealed. Notably, in one-half of the trials participants received partial feedback, whereas in the other half they got complete feedback. We used univariate and multivariate analysis to explore value encoding in different feedback conditions.We found that both obtained and forgone outcomes were encoded in mPFC, but with opposite sign in its ventral and dorsal subdivisions. Moreover, we showed that increasing feedback information induced a switch from absolute to relative coding. Our results suggest that complete feedback information enhances context-dependent outcome encoding.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32156831
pii: JNEUROSCI.1712-19.2020
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1712-19.2020
pmc: PMC7159892
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
3268-3277Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 the authors.
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