Resistance status of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) to four commonly used insecticides for malaria vector control in South-East Nigeria.
Acetylcholinesterase
/ genetics
Animals
Anopheles
/ drug effects
DDT
Female
Gene Knockdown Techniques
Insecticide Resistance
/ drug effects
Insecticides
/ pharmacology
Larva
/ drug effects
Malaria
Mosquito Control
/ methods
Mosquito Vectors
/ drug effects
Mutation
Nigeria
Nitriles
Organothiophosphorus Compounds
/ pharmacology
Phenylcarbamates
/ pharmacology
Pupa
/ drug effects
Pyrethrins
World Health Organization
Acetylcholinesterase-1 resistance
Anopheles
Insecticide resistance
Knockdown resistance
South-East Nigeria
Journal
Parasites & vectors
ISSN: 1756-3305
Titre abrégé: Parasit Vectors
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101462774
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
24 Mar 2020
24 Mar 2020
Historique:
received:
18
11
2019
accepted:
17
03
2020
entrez:
27
3
2020
pubmed:
27
3
2020
medline:
24
11
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Progress made in the control of malaria vectors globally is largely due to the use of insecticides. However, success in the fight against malaria has slowed down or even stalled due to a host of factors including insecticide resistance. The greatest burden of the disease is felt in Africa, particularly Nigeria. Unfortunately, adequate information on insecticide resistance is lacking in many parts of the country, particularly the South-East Zone. Hence, this study aims to bridge the information gap in the Zone. The study was conducted from April to December 2016. Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) larvae and pupae were collected from one community each, in the five states of the South-East Zone and reared to the adult stage. The adults were subjected to bioassays for insecticide resistance in accordance with the World Health Organization test procedures, across the four classes of insecticides used in public health. The mosquitoes were also subjected to molecular identification to the species level, and genotyped for West African knockdown resistance mutation (L1014F) and insensitive acetylcholinesterase-1 resistance mutation (G119S). The mosquitoes were susceptible (100%) to bendiocarb but resistant to pirimiphos-methyl (39.6%), deltamethrin (57%) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (13%). Molecular analysis revealed that only An. gambiae (sensu stricto) was found in all the states except for Ebonyi, where only Anopheles coluzzii was present. High frequencies (0.6-0.9) of the L1014F mutation were found across the zone. The L1014F mutation was significantly higher in An. gambiae (s.s.) than in An. coluzzii (P < 0.0001). A relatively low frequency (0.2) of the G119S mutation was found in An. coluzzii, and only in Ebonyi State. The results show that mosquitoes collected from the South-East Zone of Nigeria were resistant to all insecticides used, except for bendiocarb. The presence of L1014F and G119S resistance mutations reported in this study calls for urgent attention to stop the growing threat of insecticide resistance in the country.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Progress made in the control of malaria vectors globally is largely due to the use of insecticides. However, success in the fight against malaria has slowed down or even stalled due to a host of factors including insecticide resistance. The greatest burden of the disease is felt in Africa, particularly Nigeria. Unfortunately, adequate information on insecticide resistance is lacking in many parts of the country, particularly the South-East Zone. Hence, this study aims to bridge the information gap in the Zone.
METHODS
METHODS
The study was conducted from April to December 2016. Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) larvae and pupae were collected from one community each, in the five states of the South-East Zone and reared to the adult stage. The adults were subjected to bioassays for insecticide resistance in accordance with the World Health Organization test procedures, across the four classes of insecticides used in public health. The mosquitoes were also subjected to molecular identification to the species level, and genotyped for West African knockdown resistance mutation (L1014F) and insensitive acetylcholinesterase-1 resistance mutation (G119S).
RESULTS
RESULTS
The mosquitoes were susceptible (100%) to bendiocarb but resistant to pirimiphos-methyl (39.6%), deltamethrin (57%) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (13%). Molecular analysis revealed that only An. gambiae (sensu stricto) was found in all the states except for Ebonyi, where only Anopheles coluzzii was present. High frequencies (0.6-0.9) of the L1014F mutation were found across the zone. The L1014F mutation was significantly higher in An. gambiae (s.s.) than in An. coluzzii (P < 0.0001). A relatively low frequency (0.2) of the G119S mutation was found in An. coluzzii, and only in Ebonyi State.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
The results show that mosquitoes collected from the South-East Zone of Nigeria were resistant to all insecticides used, except for bendiocarb. The presence of L1014F and G119S resistance mutations reported in this study calls for urgent attention to stop the growing threat of insecticide resistance in the country.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32209131
doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04027-z
pii: 10.1186/s13071-020-04027-z
pmc: PMC7092433
doi:
Substances chimiques
Insecticides
0
Nitriles
0
Organothiophosphorus Compounds
0
Phenylcarbamates
0
Pyrethrins
0
pirimiphos methyl
29232-93-7
decamethrin
2JTS8R821G
DDT
CIW5S16655
Acetylcholinesterase
EC 3.1.1.7
bendiocarb
QFH0ZU0A5U
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
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