Probabilistic assessment of the daily intake of microelements and toxic elements via the consumption of rice with different degrees of polishing.
arsenic
brown rice
dietary reference intake
essential elements
intake assessment
white rice
Journal
Journal of the science of food and agriculture
ISSN: 1097-0010
Titre abrégé: J Sci Food Agric
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0376334
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2020
Aug 2020
Historique:
received:
11
10
2019
revised:
14
02
2020
accepted:
27
04
2020
pubmed:
28
4
2020
medline:
29
1
2021
entrez:
28
4
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The polishing process plays a key role in determining the beneficial quality of rice. However, the effects of polishing on human exposure to essential and toxic elements are not well reported. This study evaluated the effects of polishing on the levels of essential and toxic elements in rice grains and evaluated the status of their daily intake using probabilistic assessment. The levels of essential elements decreased as the degree of polishing increased. The highest reduction percentages of essential elements [24% of copper (Cu), 26% of nickel (Ni), and 52% of manganese (Mn)] were found after the first polishing step. The highest zinc (Zn) reduction (15%) was found after the fourth polishing step. For toxic elements, polishing significantly reduced the arsenic (As) concentration (15-31%) from that of the whole grains, of which 26% was removed after the first step. Polishing removed both essential and toxic elements from rice grains. The highest losses of Cu, Mn, Ni, and As were found after the first polishing step since these elements generally localize in the aleurone layers of rice grains. The last polishing step caused a significant Zn reduction from the grain. Polishing had no significant effect on the cadmium (Cd) concentration in grains. The consumption of all types of rice could not supply sufficient amounts of all microelements except Mn to maintain optimum health. Both As and Cd intake levels were lower than the benchmarks of toxic health effects. Thus, the potential health impacts of both of these elements in rice can be neglected. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
The polishing process plays a key role in determining the beneficial quality of rice. However, the effects of polishing on human exposure to essential and toxic elements are not well reported. This study evaluated the effects of polishing on the levels of essential and toxic elements in rice grains and evaluated the status of their daily intake using probabilistic assessment.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The levels of essential elements decreased as the degree of polishing increased. The highest reduction percentages of essential elements [24% of copper (Cu), 26% of nickel (Ni), and 52% of manganese (Mn)] were found after the first polishing step. The highest zinc (Zn) reduction (15%) was found after the fourth polishing step. For toxic elements, polishing significantly reduced the arsenic (As) concentration (15-31%) from that of the whole grains, of which 26% was removed after the first step.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
Polishing removed both essential and toxic elements from rice grains. The highest losses of Cu, Mn, Ni, and As were found after the first polishing step since these elements generally localize in the aleurone layers of rice grains. The last polishing step caused a significant Zn reduction from the grain. Polishing had no significant effect on the cadmium (Cd) concentration in grains. The consumption of all types of rice could not supply sufficient amounts of all microelements except Mn to maintain optimum health. Both As and Cd intake levels were lower than the benchmarks of toxic health effects. Thus, the potential health impacts of both of these elements in rice can be neglected. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Substances chimiques
Trace Elements
0
Cadmium
00BH33GNGH
Manganese
42Z2K6ZL8P
Copper
789U1901C5
Nickel
7OV03QG267
Arsenic
N712M78A8G
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
4029-4039Subventions
Organisme : Ministry of Science and Technology in the Republic of Korea through the International Environmental Research Institute (IERI) of Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
Organisme : The 100th Anniversary Chulalongkorn University Fund for Doctoral Scholarship, Chulalongkorn University
ID : The 100th Anniversary Chulalongkorn University Fun
Organisme : The 90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Fund (Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund)
ID : The 90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University F
Organisme : Chulalongkorn University
Organisme : Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
Organisme : Ministry of Science and Technology
Informations de copyright
© 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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