Examining the role of fundamental psychological needs in the development of metadehumanization: A multi-population approach.
coping
dehumanization
emotions
fundamental human needs
metadehumanization
self-esteem
Journal
The British journal of social psychology
ISSN: 2044-8309
Titre abrégé: Br J Soc Psychol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8105534
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jan 2021
Jan 2021
Historique:
received:
10
09
2019
revised:
11
02
2020
pubmed:
30
4
2020
medline:
15
10
2021
entrez:
30
4
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
In the present paper, we investigate dehumanization processes from a victim perspective. We propose that dehumanization experiences, that is metadehumanization, arise from people's feelings that their fundamental human needs are thwarted and that such experiences influence their emotions, self-esteem, and coping strategies. Our model is put at test in three contexts involving different types of dehumanization victims: Women (Study 1a, N = 349), patients with severe alcohol use disorder (Study 1b, N = 120), and employees in organizations (Study 1c, N = 347). Our integrated model of metadehumanization, which considers both its antecedents and consequences, proved stable across contexts and populations and therefore helps building bridges between different psychological disciplines in which dehumanization occurs.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
196-221Subventions
Organisme : ARC
ID : 16/20-071
Organisme : FNRS
ID : T.0177.16
Informations de copyright
© 2020 The British Psychological Society.
Références
Baldissarri, C., Andrighetto, L., Gabbiadini, A., & Volpato, C. (2017). Work and freedom? Working self-objectification and belief in personal free will. British Journal of Social Psychology, 56, 250-269. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12172
Baldissarri, C., Andrighetto, L., & Volpato, C. (2014). When work does not ennoble man: Psychological consequences of working objectification. TPM: Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 21, 327-339.
Bastian, B., & Haslam, N. (2010). Excluded from humanity: The dehumanizing effects of social ostracism. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 107-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.06.022
Bastian, B., & Haslam, N. (2011). Experiencing dehumanization: Cognitive and emotional effects of everyday dehumanization. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 33, 295-303. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2011.614132
Bastian, B., Jetten, J., Chen, H., Radke, H. R., Harding, J. F., & Fasoli, F. (2013). Losing our humanity: The self-dehumanizing consequences of social ostracism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 156-169. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167212471205
Bastian, B., Jetten, J., & Radke, H. R. M. (2012). Cyber-dehumanization: Violent video game play diminishes our humanity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 486-491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2011.10.009
Beck, A. T., & Beck, R. W. (1972). Screening depressed patients in family practice: A rapid technic. Postgraduate Medicine, 52, 81-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1972.11713319
Becker, T. E. (2005). Potential problems in the statistical control of variables in organizational research: A qualitative analysis with recommendations. Organizational Research Methods, 8, 274-289. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428105278021
Bell, C. M., & Khoury, C. (2011). Organizational de/humanization, deindividuation, anomie, and in/justice. In S. Gilliland, D. Steiner, & D. Skarlicki (Eds.), Emerging perspectives on organizational justice and ethics (pp. 167-197). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
Bell, C. M., & Khoury, C. (2016). Organizational powerlessness, dehumanization, and gendered effects of procedural justice. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31, 570-585. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmp-09-2014-0267
Caesens, G., Nguyen, N., & Stinglhamber, F. (2018). Abusive supervision and organizational dehumanization. Journal of Business and Psychology, 34, 709-728. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-018-9592-3.
Caesens, G., Stinglhamber, F., Demoulin, S., & Wilde, M. D. (2017). Perceived organizational support and employees' well-being: The mediating role of organizational dehumanization. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26, 527-540. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432x.2017.1319817
Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 267-284. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.2.267
Chiniara, M., & Bentein, K. (2016). Linking servant leadership to individual performance: Differentiating the mediating role of autonomy, competence and relatedness need satisfaction. The Leadership Quarterly, 27, 124-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.08.004
Christoff, K. (2014). Dehumanization in organizational settings: Some scientific and ethical considerations. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 748. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00748
Connor-Smith, J. K., Compas, B. E., Wadsworth, M. E., Thomsen, A. H., & Saltzman, H. (2000). Responses to stress in adolescence: Measurement of coping and involuntary stress responses. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 976-992. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.68.6.976
Conway, J. M., & Lance, C. E. (2010). What reviewers should expect from authors regarding common method bias in organizational research. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25, 325-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9181-6
Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.7275/jyj1-4868
Crocker, J. (1999). Social stigma and self-Esteem: Situational construction of self-worth. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 89-107. https://doi.org/10.1006/jesp.1998.1369
Davidson, K. M. (1995). Diagnosis of depression in alcohol dependence: Changes in prevalence with drinking status. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 199-204. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.166.2.199
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what" and “why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1104_02
Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagné, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J., & Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former eastern bloc country: A cross-cultural study of self-determination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 930-942. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201278002
Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003). Does rejection hurt? An FMRI study of social exclusion. Science, 302, 290-292. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1089134
Feifel, H., & Strack, S. (1989). Coping with conflict situations: Middle-aged and elderly men. Psychology and Aging, 4, 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.4.1.26
Firmin, R. L., Luther, L., Lysaker, P. H., Minor, K. S., & Salyers, M. P. (2016). Stigma resistance is positively associated with psychiatric and psychosocial outcomes: A meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 175, 118-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.03.008
Fischer, A. H. (1993). Sex differences in emotionality: Fact or stereotype? Feminism & Psychology, 3, 303-318. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353593033002
Fontesse, S., Demoulin, S., Stinglhamber, F., & Maurage, P. (2019). Dehumanization of psychiatric patients: Experimental and clinical implications in severe alcohol-use disorders. Addictive Behaviors, 89, 216-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.041
Fuller, J. B., Marler, L. E., & Hester, K. (2006). Promoting felt responsibility for constructive change and proactive behavior: Exploring aspects of an elaborated model of work design. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 1089-1120. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.408
Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1996). The ambivalent sexism inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491-512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.491
Goff, P. A., Eberhardt, J. L., Williams, M. J., & Jackson, M. C. (2008). Not yet human: Implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 292-306. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.292
Golden, T. D., Veiga, J. F., & Dino, R. N. (2008). The impact of professional isolation on teleworker job performance and turnover intentions: Does time spent teleworking, interacting face-to-face, or having access to communication-enhancing technology matter? Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 1412-1421. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012722
Griffiths, S., Mitchison, D., Murray, S. B., Mond, J. M., & Bastian, B. B. (2018). How might eating disorders stigmatization worsen eating disorders symptom severity? Evaluation of a stigma internalization model. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 51, 1010-1014. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22932
Haque, O. S., & Waytz, A. (2012). Dehumanization in medicine: Causes, solutions, and functions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 176-186. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611429706
Haslam, N. (2006). Dehumanization: An integrative review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 252-264. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_4
Haslam, N., & Bain, P. (2007). Humanizing the self: Moderators of the attribution of lesser humanness to others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 57-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167206293191
Haslam, N., Bain, P., Douge, L., Lee, M., & Bastian, B. (2005). More human than you: Attributing humanness to self and others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 937-950. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.937
Haslam, N., & Loughnan, S. (2014). Dehumanization and infrahumanization. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 399-423. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115045
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Heatherton, T. F., & Polivy, J. (1991). Development and validation of a scale for measuring state self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 895-910. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.895
Heflick, N. A., & Goldenberg, J. L. (2009). Objectifying Sarah Palin: Evidence that objectification causes women to be perceived as less competent and less fully human. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 598-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.02.008
International Labour Organization (2013). Case Study: Karoshi: Death from overwork. Retrieved from http://www.ilo.org/safework/info/publications/WCMS_211571/lang-en/index.htm
Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Kteily, N., Hodson, G., & Bruneau, E. (2016). They see us as less than human: Metadehumanization predicts intergroup conflict via reciprocal dehumanization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 110, 343-370. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000044
Landers, R. N., & Behrend, T. S. (2015). An inconvenient truth: Arbitrary distinctions between organizational, Mechanical Turk, and other convenience samples. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 8, 142-164. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2015.13
Latack, J. C. (1986). Coping with job stress: Measures and future directions for scale development. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 377-385. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.377
LeMoncheck, L. (1985). Dehumanizing women: Treating persons as sex objects. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld.
Leyens, J.-P., Rodriguez-Perez, A., Rodriguez-Torres, R., Gaunt, R., Paladino, M.-P., Vaes, J., & Demoulin, S. (2001). Psychological essentialism and the differential attribution of uniquely human emotions to ingroups and outgroups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 395-411. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.50
Loughnan, S., Baldissarri, C., Spaccatini, F., & Elder, L. (2017). Internalizing objectification: Objectified individuals see themselves as less warm, competent, moral, and human. British Journal of Social Psychology, 56, 217-232. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12188
Loughnan, S., & Haslam, N. (2007). Animals and androids: Implicit associations between social categories and nonhumans. Psychological Science, 18, 116-121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01858.x
Luhtanen, R., & Crocker, J. (1992). A collective self-esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one's social identity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 302-318. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167292183006
Lutgen-Sandvik, P. (2003). The communicative cycle of employee emotional abuse: Generation and regeneration of workplace mistreatment. Management Communication Quarterly, 16, 471-501. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318903251627
Maurage, P., Grynberg, D., Noël, X., Joassin, F., Philippot, P., Hanak, C., & Campanella, S. (2011). Dissociation between affective and cognitive empathy in alcoholism: A specific deficit for the emotional dimension. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 35, 1662-1668. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01512.x
Moradi, B. (2013). Discrimination, objectification, and dehumanization: Toward a pantheoretical framework. In S. J. Gervais (Ed.), Objectification and (de)humanization: 60th Nebraska symposium on motivation (pp. 153-181). New York, NY: Springer, New York.
Muthén, B.O., & Muthén, L. K. (1998-2017). Mplus User’s Guide. 8th Edn. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
Nguyen, N., & Stinglhamber, F.. Emotional labor and core self-evaluations as mediators between organizational dehumanization and job satisfaction. Current Psychology. Advance online publication. (in press). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9988-2
Pescosolido, B. A., Martin, J. K., Long, J. S., Medina, T. R., Phelan, J. C., & Link, B. G. (2010). “A disease like any other”? A decade of change in public reactions to schizophrenia, depression, and alcohol dependence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 1321-1330. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09121743
Pierce, J. L., Gardner, D. G., Cummings, L. L., & Dunham, R. B. (1989). Organization-based self-esteem: Construct definition, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 32, 622-648. https://doi.org/10.2307/256437
Plant, E. A., Hyde, J. S., Keltner, D., & Devine, P. G. (2000). The gender stereotyping of emotions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 24, 81-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2000.tb01024.x
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879-903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Raja, S., Shah, R., Hamad, J., Van Kanegan, M., Kupershmidt, A., & Kruthoff, M. (2015). Patients' perceptions of dehumanization of patients in dental school settings: Implications for clinic management and curriculum planning. Journal of Dental Education, 79, 1201-1207.
Raman, P. (2008). Achieving positive social identity: Women's coping strategies in response to status inequality in television portrayals. Retrieved from https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/194411
Renger, D., Mommert, A., Renger, S., & Simon, B. (2016). When less equal is less human: Intragroup (dis)respect and the experience of being human. The Journal of Social Psychology, 156, 553-563. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2015.1135865
Robbins, B. D. (ed), (2018). Dehumanization in modern medicine and science. In The medicalized body and anesthetic culture (pp. 127-149). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95356-1_7
Rochford, K. C., Jack, A. I., Boyatzis, R. E., & French, S. E. (2017). Ethical leadership as a balance between opposing neural networks. Journal of Business Ethics, 144, 755-770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3264-x
Rosen, B., & Jerdee, T. H. (1974). Influence of sex role stereotypes on personnel decisions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59, 9-14. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0035834
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
Saatcioglu, O., Yapici, A., & Cakmak, D. (2008). Quality of life, depression and anxiety in alcohol dependence. Drug and Alcohol Review, 27, 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/09595230701711140
Schomerus, G., Lucht, M., Holzinger, A., Matschinger, H., Carta, M. G., & Angermeyer, M. C. (2011). The stigma of alcohol dependence compared with other mental disorders: A review of population studies. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 46, 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agq089
Schuckit, M. A., & Hesselbrock, V. (1994). Alcohol dependence and anxiety disorders: What is the relationship? The American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1723-1734. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.151.12.1723
Shields, S. A. (2002). Speaking from the heart: Gender and the social meaning of emotion. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Spielberger, C. D. (1983). Manual for the State-Trail Anxiety Inventory (Form r). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
Taieb, O., Corcos, M., Loas, G., Speranza, M., Guilbaud, O., Perez-Diaz, F., & Flament, M. (2002). Alexithymie et dépendance à l'alcool. Annales de Médecine Interne, 153, 1551-1560.
Tepper, B. J. (2000). Consequences of abusive supervision. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 178-190. https://doi.org/10.5465/1556375
Twenge, J. M., Catanese, K. R., & Baumeister, R. F. (2003). Social exclusion and the deconstructed state: Time perception, meaninglessness, lethargy, lack of emotion, and self-awareness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 409-423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.409
Vaes, J., Paladino, P., & Puvia, E. (2011). Are sexualized women complete human beings? Why men and women dehumanize sexually objectified women. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 774-785.
Vansteenkiste, M., Simons, J., Lens, W., Sheldon, K. M., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Motivating learning, performance, and persistence: The synergistic effects of intrinsic goal contents and autonomy-supportive contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 246-260. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.246
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1999). The PANAS-X: Manual for the positive and negative affect schedule-expanded form (Unpublished manuscript). University of Iowa.
Wu, T. Y., & Hu, C. (2009). Abusive supervision and employee emotional exhaustion: Dispositional antecedents and boundaries. Group & Organization Management, 34, 143-169. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601108331217
Yang, W., Jin, S., He, S., Fan, Q., & Zhu, Y. (2015). The impact of power on humanity: Self-dehumanization in powerlessness. PLoS ONE, 10, e0125721. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125721
Zadro, L., Williams, K. D., & Richardson, R. (2004). How low can you go? Ostracism by a computer is sufficient to lower self-reported levels of belonging, control, self-esteem, and meaningful existence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 560-567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2003.11.006
Zhang, H., Chan, D. K. S., Xia, S., Tian, Y., & Zhu, J. (2017). Cognitive, emotional, and motivational consequences of dehumanization. Social Cognition, 35, 18-39. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2017.35.1.18