On Top of the Alveolar Epithelium: Surfactant and the Glycocalyx.
air-blood barrier
air-liquid interface
alveolar lining layer
alveoli
epithelium
glycocalyx
lung
surfactant
Journal
International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
Titre abrégé: Int J Mol Sci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101092791
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
27 Apr 2020
27 Apr 2020
Historique:
received:
31
03
2020
revised:
16
04
2020
accepted:
18
04
2020
entrez:
1
5
2020
pubmed:
1
5
2020
medline:
2
2
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Gas exchange in the lung takes place via the air-blood barrier in the septal walls of alveoli. The tissue elements that oxygen molecules have to cross are the alveolar epithelium, the interstitium and the capillary endothelium. The epithelium that lines the alveolar surface is covered by a thin and continuous liquid lining layer. Pulmonary surfactant acts at this air-liquid interface. By virtue of its biophysical and immunomodulatory functions, surfactant keeps alveoli open, dry and clean. What needs to be added to this picture is the glycocalyx of the alveolar epithelium. Here, we briefly review what is known about this glycocalyx and how it can be visualized using electron microscopy. The application of colloidal thorium dioxide as a staining agent reveals differences in the staining pattern between type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells and shows close associations of the glycocalyx with intraalveolar surfactant subtypes such as tubular myelin. These morphological findings indicate that specific spatial interactions between components of the surfactant system and those of the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx exist which may contribute to the maintenance of alveolar homeostasis, in particular to alveolar micromechanics, to the functional integrity of the air-blood barrier, to the regulation of the thickness and viscosity of the alveolar lining layer, and to the defence against inhaled pathogens. Exploring the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx in conjunction with the surfactant system opens novel physiological perspectives of potential clinical relevance for future research.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32349261
pii: ijms21093075
doi: 10.3390/ijms21093075
pmc: PMC7246550
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Pulmonary Surfactants
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
ID : OC23/7-3, 8-1, 9-3, 10-1; SFB 587/TP B18; SFB-TR84/TP C06, C09; INST 192/504-1, 193/57-1; REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence
Organisme : Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
ID : German Center for Lung Research DZL; 01DG14009 and e:Med CAPSyS; 01ZX1604B
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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