Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in caracals (Caracal caracal) living in human-modified landscapes of South Africa.
Anaplasma
/ classification
Animals
Animals, Domestic
Animals, Wild
/ microbiology
Babesia
/ classification
Cats
Coccidia
/ classification
Coinfection
/ microbiology
Dogs
Felidae
/ microbiology
Humans
Insect Vectors
/ microbiology
Phylogeny
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
/ genetics
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
/ genetics
Rickettsia
/ classification
South Africa
/ epidemiology
Tick-Borne Diseases
/ diagnosis
Ticks
/ microbiology
Anaplasma
Babesia felis
Babesia leo
Hepatozoon felis
Reverse Line Blot Hybridisation
Journal
Parasites & vectors
ISSN: 1756-3305
Titre abrégé: Parasit Vectors
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101462774
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
30 Apr 2020
30 Apr 2020
Historique:
received:
30
10
2019
accepted:
10
04
2020
entrez:
2
5
2020
pubmed:
2
5
2020
medline:
16
12
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Wild carnivores living alongside humans and domestic animals are vulnerable to changes in the infectious disease dynamics in their populations. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and diversity of selected tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) of veterinary and/or zoonotic concern in wild populations of caracals (Caracal caracal) occurring in human-modified landscapes in South Africa. Using molecular techniques, we screened 57 caracal blood samples for infection by rickettsial bacteria and piroplasms in three regions of South Africa: rangeland in the Central Karoo (n = 27) and Namaqualand (n = 14) as well as the urban edge of the Cape Peninsula (n = 16) of South Africa. To characterise pathogen identity, we sequenced the 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes from positive samples and analysed sequences within a phylogenetic framework. We also examine the diversity of potential tick vectors. All individuals tested were infected with at least one tick-borne pathogen. Pathogens included Hepatozoon felis, Babesia felis, Babesia leo and a potentially novel Babesia species. An Anaplasma species previously described in South African domestic dogs was also found in 88% of urban edge caracals. Higher rates of co-infection characterised urban edge caracals (81% vs 15% and 0% in the two rangeland populations), as well as a greater incidence of mixed infections. Host attached tick species include Haemaphysalis elliptica, an important pathogen vector among carnivore hosts. This study confirms the occurrence of previously undocumented tick-borne pathogens infecting free-ranging caracals in human-modified landscapes. We identify clear differences in the pathogen profiles among our study populations and discuss the likely health costs to caracals living adjacent to urban areas.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Wild carnivores living alongside humans and domestic animals are vulnerable to changes in the infectious disease dynamics in their populations. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and diversity of selected tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) of veterinary and/or zoonotic concern in wild populations of caracals (Caracal caracal) occurring in human-modified landscapes in South Africa. Using molecular techniques, we screened 57 caracal blood samples for infection by rickettsial bacteria and piroplasms in three regions of South Africa: rangeland in the Central Karoo (n = 27) and Namaqualand (n = 14) as well as the urban edge of the Cape Peninsula (n = 16) of South Africa. To characterise pathogen identity, we sequenced the 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes from positive samples and analysed sequences within a phylogenetic framework. We also examine the diversity of potential tick vectors.
RESULTS
RESULTS
All individuals tested were infected with at least one tick-borne pathogen. Pathogens included Hepatozoon felis, Babesia felis, Babesia leo and a potentially novel Babesia species. An Anaplasma species previously described in South African domestic dogs was also found in 88% of urban edge caracals. Higher rates of co-infection characterised urban edge caracals (81% vs 15% and 0% in the two rangeland populations), as well as a greater incidence of mixed infections. Host attached tick species include Haemaphysalis elliptica, an important pathogen vector among carnivore hosts.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
This study confirms the occurrence of previously undocumented tick-borne pathogens infecting free-ranging caracals in human-modified landscapes. We identify clear differences in the pathogen profiles among our study populations and discuss the likely health costs to caracals living adjacent to urban areas.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32354342
doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04075-5
pii: 10.1186/s13071-020-04075-5
pmc: PMC7191760
doi:
Substances chimiques
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
0
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
220Subventions
Organisme : National Research Foundation
ID : 98110
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