A multidimensional framework for measuring biotic novelty: How novel is a community?
alien species
biological invasions
coexistence
ecological novelty
functional diversity
novel ecosystems
novel species
standard metrics
Journal
Global change biology
ISSN: 1365-2486
Titre abrégé: Glob Chang Biol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9888746
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 2020
08 2020
Historique:
received:
18
11
2019
revised:
18
03
2020
accepted:
15
04
2020
pubmed:
3
5
2020
medline:
27
11
2020
entrez:
3
5
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Anthropogenic changes in climate, land use, and disturbance regimes, as well as introductions of non-native species can lead to the transformation of many ecosystems. The resulting novel ecosystems are usually characterized by species assemblages that have not occurred previously in a given area. Quantifying the ecological novelty of communities (i.e., biotic novelty) would enhance the understanding of environmental change. However, quantification remains challenging since current novelty metrics, such as the number and/or proportion of non-native species in a community, fall short of considering both functional and evolutionary aspects of biotic novelty. Here, we propose the Biotic Novelty Index (BNI), an intuitive and flexible multidimensional measure that combines (a) functional differences between native and non-native introduced species with (b) temporal dynamics of species introductions. We show that the BNI is an additive partition of Rao's quadratic entropy, capturing the novel interaction component of the community's functional diversity. Simulations show that the index varies predictably with the relative amount of functional novelty added by recently arrived species, and they illustrate the need to provide an additional standardized version of the index. We present a detailed R code and two applications of the BNI by (a) measuring changes of biotic novelty of dry grassland plant communities along an urbanization gradient in a metropolitan region and (b) determining the biotic novelty of plant species assemblages at a national scale. The results illustrate the applicability of the index across scales and its flexibility in the use of data of different quality. Both case studies revealed strong connections between biotic novelty and increasing urbanization, a measure of abiotic novelty. We conclude that the BNI framework may help building a basis for better understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of global change.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
4401-4417Subventions
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
ID : JE 288/9-2
Pays : International
Organisme : Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
ID : 01LC1501A-H
Pays : International
Informations de copyright
© 2020 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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