Genotypic diversity, and molecular and pathogenic characterization of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida isolated from different fish species in Taiwan.
Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida
genotype
pathogenicity
phenotype
phylogenetic analysis
Journal
Journal of fish diseases
ISSN: 1365-2761
Titre abrégé: J Fish Dis
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9881188
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jul 2020
Jul 2020
Historique:
received:
01
02
2020
revised:
16
03
2020
accepted:
17
03
2020
pubmed:
19
5
2020
medline:
15
12
2020
entrez:
19
5
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Photobacteriosis, caused by Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), is a serious disease in marine fish species worldwide. To date, the epidemiological characterization of this pathogen in Taiwan remains limited. In this study, we collected 39 Phdp isolates obtained from different farmed fish for phenotypic and genotypic analysis. Phenotype bioassays using API-20E and API-20NE systems showed that the Phdp is a homogeneous group. However, genotyping using the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) technique revealed genetic variability among Phdp isolates when 13 and 11 different PFGE band patterns were obtained with SmaI and NotI as restriction enzymes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA and the Fur gene clustered Taiwanese isolates and other species of P. damselae in the same clade. In contrast, the ToxR phylogenetic tree, a powerful discriminatory marker, separated the two subspecies. Furthermore, the virulence-associated genes, AIP56, P55, PDP_0080, Sod and Irp1, were detected from all isolates. Virulence testing with nine representative isolates in cobia (Rachycentron canadum) and Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) showed that some were highly pathogenic with 80%-100% mortality rates. This study provides epidemiological data of Phdp infections in farmed fish in Taiwan, which is necessary to develop comprehensive prevention and control strategies for the disease.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
757-774Subventions
Organisme : Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
ID : MOST 107-2313-B-020-012-MY3
Organisme : Ministry of Education and Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan)
ID : 107-3017-F-020-001
Informations de copyright
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Références
Andreoni, F., Boiani, R., Serafini, G., Amagliani, G., Dominici, S., Riccioni, G., … Magnani, M. (2013). Isolation of a novel gene from Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and analysis of the recombinant antigen as promising vaccine candidate. Vaccine, 31(5), 820-826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.064
Arai, H., Morita, Y., Izumi, S., Katagiri, T., & Kimura, H. (2007). Molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates derived from Japanese fish. Journal of Fish Diseases, 30(6), 345-355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00809.x
Bakopoulos, V., Adams, A., & Richards, R. H. (1995). Some biochemical properties and antibiotic sensitivities of Pasteurella piscicida isolated in Greece and comparison with strains from Japan, France and Italy. Journal of Fish Diseases, 18(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb01260.x
Balebona, M. C., Moriñigo, M. A., Sedano, J., Martíez-Manzanares, E., Vidaurreta, A., Borrago, J. J., & Toranzo, A. E. (1992). Isolation of Pasteurella piscicida from sea bass in Southwestern Spain. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 12(5), 168-170.
Barnes, A. C., Balebona, M. C., Horne, M. T., & Ellis, A. E. (1999). Superoxide dismutase and catalase in Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and their roles in resistance to reactive oxygen species. Microbiology, 145(2), 483-494. https://doi.org/10.1099/13500872-145-2-483
Barnes, A. C., dos Santos, N. M., & Ellis, A. E. (2005). Update on bacterial vaccines: Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Developments in Biologicals, 121(October), 75-84. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15962471
Barry, S. M., & Challis, G. L. (2009). Recent advances in siderophore biosynthesis. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 13(2), 205-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CBPA.2009.03.008
Calvez, S., Fournel, C., Douet, D. G., & Daniel, P. (2015). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multi locus sequence typing for characterizing genotype variability of Yersinia ruckeri isolated from farmed fish in France. Veterinary Research, 46(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-015-0200-5
Chen, M., Wang, R., Li, L.-P., Liang, W.-W., Li, J., Huang, Y., … Gan, X. I. (2012). Screening vaccine candidate strains against Streptococcus agalactiae of tilapia based on PFGE genotype. Vaccine, 30(42), 6088-6092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.044
Cross, A. S. (2008). What is a virulence factor? Critical Care (London, England), 12(6), 196. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc7127
Díaz-Rosales, P., Chabrillón, M., Arijo, S., Martinez-Manzanares, E., Moriñigo, M. A., & Balebona, M. C. (2006). Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida. Journal of Fish Diseases, 29(6), 355-364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00726.x
Do Vale, A., Silva, M. T., Dos Santos, N. M. S., Nascimento, D. S., Reis-Rodrigues, P., Costa-Ramos, C., … Azevedo, J. E. (2005). AIP56, a novel plasmid-encoded virulence factor of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida with apoptogenic activity against sea bass macrophages and neutrophils. Molecular Microbiology, 58(4), 1025-1038. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04893.x
Edwards, U., Rogall, T., Blöcker, H., Emde, M., & Böttger, E. C. (1989). Isolation and direct complete nucleotide determination of entire genes. Characterization of a gene coding for 16S ribosomal RNA. Nucleic Acids Research, 17(19), 7843-7853. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.19.7843
Essam, H. M., Abdellrazeq, G. S., Tayel, S. I., Torky, H. A., & Fadel, A. H. (2016). Pathogenesis of Photobacterium damselae subspecies infections in sea bass and sea bream. Microbial Pathogenesis, 99, 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.003
Felsenstein, J. (1985). Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution, 39, 783-791. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x
Fouz, B., Larsen, J., Nielsen, B., Barja, J., & Toranzo, A. (1992). Characterization of Vibrio damsela strains isolated from turbot Scophthalmus maximus in Spain. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 12, 155-166. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao012155
Gao, L.-Y., Pak, M., Kish, R., Kajihara, K., & Brown, E. J. (2006). A mycobacterial operon essential for virulence in vivo and invasion and intracellular persistence in macrophages. Infection and Immunity, 74(3), 1757-1767. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.74.3.1757-1767.2006
Hawke, J. P., Thune, R. L., Cooper, R. K., Judice, E., & Kelly-Smith, M. (2003). Molecular and phenotypic characterization of strains of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida isolated from hybrid striped bass cultured in Louisiana, USA. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 15(3), 189-201. https://doi.org/10.1577/H02-043
Huang, Y., Runge, M., Michael, G. B., Schwarz, S., Jung, A., & Steinhagen, D. (2013). Biochemical and molecular heterogeneity among isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) in north west Germany. BMC Veterinary Research, 9(1), 215. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-9-215
Janda, J. M., & Abbott, S. L. (2007). 16S rRNA gene sequencing for bacterial identification in the diagnostic laboratory: pluses, perils, and pitfalls. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 45(9), 2761-2764. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01228-07
Juíz-Río, S., Osorio, C. R., & Lemos, M. L. (2004). Identification and characterisation of the fur genes in Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida and ssp. damselae. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 58(2-3), 151-156. Retrieved from http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/dao/v58/n2-3/p151-156/
Jukes, T. H., & Cantor, C. R. (1969). Evolution of protein molecules. Mammalian Protein Metabolism, 21-132.
Kawanishi, M., Kijima, M., Kojima, A., Ishihara, K., Esaki, H., Yagyu, K., … Tamura, Y. (2006). Drug resistance and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida isolates from cultured Seriola (yellowtail, amberjack and kingfish) in Japan. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 42(6), 648-653. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2005.01820.x
Kent, M. L. (1982). Characteristics and identification of Pasteurella and Vibrio species pathogenic to fishes using API-20E (Analytab Products) multitube test strips. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 39(12), 1725-1729. https://doi.org/10.1139/f82-229
Kijima-Tanaka, M., Kawanishi, M., Fukuda, Y., Suzuki, S., & Yagyu, K. (2007). Molecular diversity of Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida from cultured amberjacks (Seriola spp.) in Japan by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and plasmid profiles. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 103(2), 381-389. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03257.x
Kim, Y. B., Okuda, J., Matsumoto, C., Takahashi, N., Hashimoto, S., & Nishibuchi, M. (1999). Identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains at the Species Level by PCR Targeted to the toxR Gene. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 37(4), 1173-1177. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.37.4.1173-1177.1999. Retrieved from http://jcm.asm.org/content/37/4/1173.abstract
Kubota, S., Kimura, M., & Egusa, S. (1970). Studies of a bacterial tuberculoidosis of the yellowtail-I Symptomatolgy and histopathology. Fish Pathology, 4(2), 111-118. https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.4.111
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., & Tamura, K. (2016). MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33(7), 1870-1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
Kusuda, R., & Miura, W. (1972). Characteristics of a Pasteurella sp. pathogenic for pond-cultured Ayu. Fish Pathology, 7(1), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.7.51
Kvitt, H., Ucko, M., Colorni, A., Batargias, C., & Zlotkin, A. (2002). Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida: Detection by direct amplification of 16S rRNA gene sequences and genotypic variation as determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 48(3), 187-195. Retrieved from https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/dao/v48/n3/p187-195/
Labella, A., Castro, M., Manchado, M., Borrego, J., Labella, A. M., Castro, M. D., … Borrego, J. J. (2018). Description of New and Amended Clades of the Genus Photobacterium. Microorganisms, 6(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6010024
Labella, A., Vida, M., Alonso, M. C., Infante, C., Cardenas, S., Lopez-Romalde, S., … Borrego, J. J. (2006). First isolation of Photobacterium damselae ssp. damselae from cultured redbanded seabream, Pagrus auriga Valenciennes, in Spain. Journal of Fish Diseases, 29(3), 175-179. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00697.x
Leu, M. Y., Wong, S. Y., Tay, Y. L., Bandara, E. G. K. Y. C., & Tsai, M. A. (2019). Infection of farmed sub-adult semicircle angelfish, Pomacanthus semicirculatus in Taiwan caused by Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 39(4), 137-144.
Liao, I. C., Huang, T. S., Tsai, W. S., Hsueh, C. M., Chang, S. L., & Leaño, E. M. (2004). Cobia culture in Taiwan: Current status and problems. Aquaculture, 237(1-4), 155-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.03.007
Liu, P., Hung, S., Chen, M., Cheng, C., Chang, C., Lin, S., … Lin, Y. (2011). Highly virulent Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida isolated from Taiwan paradise fish, Macropodus opercularis (L.), in Taiwan. Journal of Microbiology, 5(15), 2107-2113. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR11.303
Liu, P. C., Lin, J. I. Y., & Lee, K. K. (2003). Virulence of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida in cultured cobia Rachycentron canadum. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 43(6), 499-507. https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.200310301
Lopez, C., Rajan, P. R., Lin, J.-H.-Y., Kuo, T.-Y., & Yang, H.-L. (2002). Disease outbreak in seafarmed cobia (Rachycentron canadum) associated with Vibrio Spp., Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida, monogenean and myxosporean parasites. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 22(3), 206-211. Retrieved from http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-0344661987&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-t&src=s&st1=Rachycentron+canadum&nlo=&nlr=&nls=&sid=FA20DD9281724FE32967D31B45361ED0.fM4vPBipdL1BpirDq5Cw%3A320&sot=b&sdt=b&sl=27&s=TITLE%28Rachycentron+canadum%29&
Lucangeli, C., Morabito, S., Caprioli, A., Achene, L., Busani, L., Mazzolini, E., … Macrı̀, A. (2000). Molecular fingerprinting of strains of Yersinia ruckeri serovar O1 and Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida isolated in Italy. Veterinary Microbiology, 76(3), 273-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(00)00241-8
Machado, H., & Gram, L. (2015). The fur Gene as a New Phylogenetic Marker for Vibrionaceae Species Identification. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 81(8), 2745-2752. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00058-15
Machado, H., & Gram, L. (2017). Comparative genomics reveals high genomic diversity in the genus Photobacterium. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8(JUN), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01204
Magariños, B., Romalde, J. L., Bandín, I., Fouz, B., & Toranzo, A. E. (1992). Phenotypic, antigenic, and molecular characterization of Pasteurella piscicida strains isolated from fish. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 58(10), 3316-3322. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.58.10.3316-3322.1992. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1444366
Magariños, B., Romalde, J. L., López-Romalde, S., Moriñigo, M. A., & Toranzo, A. E. (2003). Pathobiological characterisation of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida isolated from cultured sole (Solea senegalensis). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 23(4), 183-190.
Magariños, B., Toranzo, A. E., Barja, J. L., & Romalde, J. L. (2000). Existence of two geographically-linked clonal lineages in the bacterial fish pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida evidenced by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Epidemiology and Infection, 125(1), 213-219. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268899004252
Magariños, B., Toranzo, A. E., & Romalde, J. L. (1995). Different susceptibility of gilthead seabream and turbot to Pasteurella piscicida infection by the water route. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 3, 88-90.
Magariños, B., Toranzo, A. E., & Romalde, J. L. (1996). Phenotypic and pathobiological characteristics of Pasteurella piscicida. Annual Review of Fish Diseases, 6, 41-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-8030(96)90005-8
Martins, P., Navarro, R. V. V., Coelho, F. J. R. C., & Gomes, N. C. M. (2015). Development of a molecular methodology for fast detection of Photobacterium damselae subspecies in water samples. Aquaculture, 435, 137-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2014.09.028
Mignard, S., & Flandrois, J. P. (2006). 16S rRNA sequencing in routine bacterial identification: A 30-month experiment. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 67(3), 574-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MIMET.2006.05.009
Miller, V. L., & Mekalanos, J. J. (1984). Synthesis of cholera toxin is positively regulated at the transcriptional level by toxR. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 81(11), 3471-3475. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.81.11.3471
Miller, V. L., Taylor, R. K., & Mekalanos, J. J. (1987). Cholera toxin transcriptional activator ToxR is a transmembrane DNA binding protein. Cell, 48(2), 271-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(87)90430-2
Montiert, S., Suffredini, E., Ciccozzi, M., & Croci, L. (2010). Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus isolates based on toxR gene sequence. New Microbiologica, 33(4), 359-372.
Nguyen, T. T. T., Nguyen, H. T., Chen, Y.-C., Hoang, H. H., Wang, P.-C., & Chen, S.-C. (2018). Effectiveness of a divalent Streptococcus dysgalactiae inactivated vaccine in cobia (Rachycentron canadum L.). Aquaculture, 495, 130-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2018.05.034
Nguyen, T. T. T., Nguyen, H. T., Tsai, M.-A., Byadgi, O., Wang, P.-C., Yoshida, T., & Chen, S.-C. (2017). Genetic diversity, virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolates from different aquatic animal sources. Aquaculture, 479, 256-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2017.06.002
Núñez-Díaz, J., Fumanal, M., do Vale, A., Fernández-Díaz, C., Moriñigo, M., & Balebona, M. (2018). Transcription of IVIAT and virulence genes in Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida infecting Solea senegalensis. Microorganisms, 6(3), 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6030067
Núñez-Díaz, J. A., Fumanal, M., Viguera, E., Moriñigo, M. A., & Balebona, M. C. (2017). Use of in vivo induced technology to identify antigens expressed by Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida during infection of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 64, 446-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.044
Osorio, C. R., Collins, M. D., Toranzo, A. E., Barja, J. L., & Romalde, J. L. (1999). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of Photobacterium damselae and nested PCR method for rapid detection of the causative agent of fish Pasteurellosis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65(7), 2942-2946. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC91440/
Osorio, C. R., Juiz-Río, S., & Lemos, M. L. (2006). A siderophore biosynthesis gene cluster from the fish pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida is structurally and functionally related to the Yersinia high-pathogenicity island. Microbiology, 152(11), 3327-3341. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.29190-0
Osorio, C. R., & Klose, K. E. (2000). A region of the transmembrane regulatory protein ToxR that tethers the transcriptional activation domain to the cytoplasmic membrane displays wide divergence among Vibrio species. Journal of Bacteriology, 182(2), 526-528. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.182.2.526-528.2000
Osorio, C. R., Rivas, A. J., Balado, M., Fuentes-Monteverde, J. C., Rodríguez, J., Jiménez, C., … Waldor, M. K. (2015). A transmissible plasmid-borne pathogenicity island confers piscibactin biosynthesis in the fish pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 81(17), 5867-5879. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01580-15
Osorio, C. R., Toranzo, A. E., Romalde, J. L., & Barja, J. L. (2000). Multiplex PCR assay for ureC and 16S rRNA genes clearly discriminates between both subspecies of Photobacterium damselae. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 40(3), 177-183. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao040177
Pang, L., Zhang, X.-H., Zhong, Y., Chen, J., Li, Y., & Austin, B. (2006). Identification of Vibrio harveyi using PCR amplification of the toxR gene. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 43(3), 249-255. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.01962.x
Pedersen, K., Dalsgaard, I., & Larsen, J. L. (1997). Vibrio damsela associated with diseased fish in Denmark. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63(9), 3711. Retrieved from http://aem.asm.org/content/63/9/3711.abstract
Pedersen, K., Skall, H. F., Lassen-Nielsen, A. M., Bjerrum, L., & Olesen, N. J. (2009). Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, an emerging pathogen in Danish rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), mariculture. Journal of Fish Diseases, 32(5), 465-472. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01041.x
Pulpipat, T., Lin, K.-H., Chen, Y.-H., Wang, P.-C., & Chen, S.-C. (2019). Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis isolated from cultured tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) in Taiwan. Journal of Fish Diseases, 42(5), 643-655. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12964
Romalde, J. L. (2002). Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida: An integrated view of a bacterial fish pathogen. International Microbiology, 5(1), 3-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-002-0051-6
Saitou, N., & Nei, M. (1987). The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4(4), 406-425. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454
Shao, P., Yong, P., Zhou, W., Sun, J., Wang, Y., Tang, Q., … Wang, X. (2019). First isolation of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae from half-smooth tongue sole suffering from skin-ulceration disease. Aquaculture, 511, 734208. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2019.734208
Shimahara, Y., Nakamura, A., Nomoto, R., Itami, T., Chen, S.-C., & Yoshida, T. (2008). Genetic and phenotypic comparison of Nocardia seriolae isolated from fish in Japan. Journal of Fish Diseases, 31(Matsuzato 1978), 481-488. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00920.x
Silva, D. S., Pereira, L. M. G., Moreira, A. R., Ferreira-da-Silva, F., Brito, R. M., Faria, T. Q., … dos Santos, N. M. S. (2013). The apoptogenic toxin AIP56 is a metalloprotease A-B toxin that cleaves NF-κb P65. PLoS Path, 9(2), e1003128. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003128
Smith, S. K., Sutton, D. C., Fuerst, J. A., & Reichelt, J. L. (1991). Evaluation of the Genus Listonella and Reassignment of Listonella damsela (Love et al) MacDonell and Colwell to the genus photobacterium as Photobacterium damsela comb. nov. with an emended description. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 41(4), 529-534. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-41-4-529
Snieszko, S. F., Bullock, G. L., Hollis, E., & Boone, J. G. (1964). Pasteurella sp. from an epizootic of white perch (Roccus americanus) in Chesapeake Bay tidewater areas. Journal of Bacteriology, 88(6), 1814-1815. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC277494/
Souto, A., Montaos, M. A., Rivas, A. J., Balado, M., Osorio, C. R., Rodríguez, J., … Jiménez, C. (2012). Structure and biosynthetic assembly of Piscibactin, a Siderophore from Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, predicted from genome analysis. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2012(29), 5693-5700. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201200818
Tenover, F. C., Arbeit, R. D., Goering, R. V., Mickelsen, P. A., Murray, B. E., Persing, D. H., & Swaminathan, B. (1995). Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed- field gel electrophoresis: Criteria for bacterial strain typing. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 33(9), 2233-2239. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.33.9.2233-2239.1995
Terceti, M. S., Ogut, H., & Osorio, C. R. (2016). Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, an emerging fish pathogen in the Black Sea: Evidence of a multiclonal origin. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 82(13), 3736-3745. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00781-16
Terceti, M. S., Vences, A., Matanza, X. M., Dalsgaard, I., Pedersen, K., & Osorio, C. R. (2018). Molecular epidemiology of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae outbreaks in marine rainbow trout farms reveals extensive horizontal gene transfer and high genetic diversity. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 2155. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02155
Thyssen, A., Van Eygen, S., Hauben, L., Goris, J., Swings, J., & Ollevier, F. (2000). Application of AFLP for taxonomic and epidemiological studies of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 50(3), 1013-1019. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-50-3-1013
Toranzo, A. E., Barreiro, S., Casal, J. F., Figueras, A., Magarin˜os, B., & Barja, J. L. (1991). Pasteurellosis in cultured gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata): First report in Spain. Aquaculture, 99(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(91)90284-E
Tsai, M.-A., Wang, P.-C., Liaw, L.-L., Yoshida, T., & Chen, S.-C. (2012). Comparison of genetic characteristics and pathogenicity of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from aquatic animals in Taiwan. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 102(1), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02516. Retrieved from https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/dao/v102/n1/p43-51/
Tung, M. C., Chang, L. T., Tsai, S. S., & Wang, D. H. (2000). Mass mortality associated with Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida in sea-cage cultured cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1776) in southern Taiwan. FA COA Aquaculture Series No. 1. Reports of Fish Disease Research, Vol. XX. Fisheries Administration, Council of Agriculture, Taipei, Taiwan, XX, 133-145.
Tung, M.-C., Tsai, S.-S., Ho, L.-F., Huang, S.-T., & Chen, S.-C. (1985). An acute septicemic infection of Pasteurella Organism in Pond-cultured Formosa Snake-head Fish (Channa maculata Lacepede) in Taiwan. Fish Pathology, 20(2-3), 143-148. https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.20.143
Vuddhakul, V., Nakai, T., Matsumoto, C., Oh, T., Nishino, T., Chen, C.-H., Okuda, J. (2000). Analysis of gyrB and toxR gene sequences of vibrio hollisae and development of gyrB- and toxR-targeted PCR methods for isolation of V. hollisae from the environment and its identification. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66(8), 3506-3514. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.8.3506-3514.2000
Youn, S. Y., Kwon, Y. K., Song, C. S., Lee, H. J., Jeong, O. M., Choi, B. K., … Kang, M. S. (2016). Increased efficacy of inactivated vaccine candidates prepared with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains of predominant genotypes in ducks. Poultry Science, 95(8), 1764-1773. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew104
Zhang, X.-J., Qin, G.-M., Bing, X.-W., Yan, B.-L., & Bi, K.-R. (2011). Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Photobacterium damselae, a pathogen of the cultured tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis in China. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 45(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2010.531745
Zorrilla, I., Balebona, M. C., Mori igo, M. A., Sarasquete, C., & Borrego, J. J. (1999). Isolation and characterization of the causative agent of pasteurellosis, Photobacterium damsela ssp. piscicida, from sole, Solea senegalensis (Kaup). Journal of Fish Diseases, 22(3), 167-172. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1999.00157.x