Conversion surgery for initially unresectable biliary malignancies: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Few studies have focused on conversion surgery for biliary malignancy; thus, it is not clear if this treatment modality can extend the survival of patients with unresectable biliary malignancy. We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study to evaluate the surgical outcomes of conversion surgery in this setting and analyze long-term survival. We collected clinical data retrospectively on patients who underwent conversion surgery for biliary malignancy. Twenty-four patients met our inclusion criteria. Preoperative chemotherapy regimens or chemoradiation therapy regimens were administered based on the institutional criteria, and surgical procedures were chosen based on tumor location. Morbidity occurred in 16 patients (66.7%), and 1 patient died of liver failure after surgery. The overall 5-year survival rate following initial therapy was 43.2%, and the median survival time was 57.4 months. The corresponding values following surgery were 38.2% and 34.3 months, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the 24 patients who received both chemotherapy and surgery was significantly better than that of 110 patients treated with chemotherapy only (p < 0.001). Conversion surgery for initially unresectable biliary malignancies may be feasible and achieve long-term survival for selected patients.