Genomic evidence for gene flow between monarchs with divergent migratory phenotypes and flight performance.
conservation biology
gene flow
genomics/proteomics
migration
monarch butterfly
population genetics-empirical
Journal
Molecular ecology
ISSN: 1365-294X
Titre abrégé: Mol Ecol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9214478
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 2020
07 2020
Historique:
received:
16
09
2019
accepted:
05
06
2020
pubmed:
17
6
2020
medline:
5
6
2021
entrez:
17
6
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Monarch butterflies are known for their spectacular annual migration in eastern North America, with millions of monarchs flying up to 4,500 km to overwintering sites in central Mexico. Monarchs also live west of the Rocky Mountains, where they travel shorter distances to overwinter along the Pacific Coast. It is often assumed that eastern and western monarchs form distinct evolutionary units, but genomic studies to support this notion are lacking. We used a tethered flight mill to show that migratory eastern monarchs have greater flight performance than western monarchs, consistent with their greater migratory distances. However, analysing more than 20 million SNPs in 43 monarch genomes, we found no evidence for genomic differentiation between eastern and western monarchs. Genomic analysis also showed identical and low levels of genetic diversity, and demographic analyses indicated similar effective population sizes and ongoing gene flow between eastern and western monarchs. Gene expression analysis of a subset of candidate genes during active flight revealed differential gene expression related to nonmuscular motor activity. Our results demonstrate that eastern and western monarchs maintain migratory differences despite ongoing gene flow, and suggest that migratory differences between eastern and western monarchs are not driven by select major-effects alleles. Instead, variation in migratory distance and destination may be driven by environmentally induced differential gene expression or by many alleles of small effect.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32542770
doi: 10.1111/mec.15508
pmc: PMC8118118
mid: NIHMS1700378
doi:
Banques de données
Dryad
['10.5061/dryad.hh4j1f6']
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2567-2582Subventions
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : R01 GM108626
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : R35 GM131828
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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