Expressive language development in adolescents with Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome: change over time and the role of family-related factors.
Adolescent
Child
Cognition
Down Syndrome
/ psychology
Family
/ psychology
Fragile X Syndrome
/ psychology
Humans
Intellectual Disability
/ psychology
Language Development
Language Development Disorders
/ complications
Language Tests
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Mother-Child Relations
/ psychology
Mothers
/ psychology
Vocabulary
Adolescence
Conversation
Down syndrome
Expressive language development
Family-related factors
Fragile X syndrome
Longitudinal
Narration
Journal
Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders
ISSN: 1866-1955
Titre abrégé: J Neurodev Disord
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101483832
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
27 06 2020
27 06 2020
Historique:
received:
11
07
2019
accepted:
16
06
2020
entrez:
29
6
2020
pubmed:
1
7
2020
medline:
18
5
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
It is well known that individuals with Down syndrome (DS) or fragile X syndrome (FXS) demonstrate expressive language difficulties beginning early in childhood. It is less clear, however, whether expressive language skills change during the adolescent period in these individuals, and if any of these changes are syndrome specific. Studying this, as well as the role of maternal and family-related factors in expressive language development, may provide the foundation for efficacious interventions for adolescents with DS or FXS. In this study, we examined expressive language trajectories, assessed through conversation and narration, in 57 adolescent males with intellectual disability (ID) (20 DS and 37 FXS) in relation to the diagnostic group (DS vs. FXS) and family-related factors (maternal IQ, maternal psychological distress, closeness in the mother-child relationship, family income, and maternal and paternal education) after adjusting for chronological age (CA) and nonverbal cognition. Changes over repeated annual assessments for males with DS or FXS were observed only during conversation, such as an increase in talkativeness, but a decrease in syntax complexity and lexical diversity. We found a diagnosis-related effect in the change over time in conversational talkativeness favoring those with FXS. Finally, a closer mother-child relationship predicted less decrease over time in lexical diversity during conversation, and participants of mothers who graduated college showed a greater increase in conversational talkativeness over time compared to those of mothers with a high school education. Our results suggest that, during the adolescent period for males with DS or FXS, there is an increase in the amount of talk produced in conversational contexts, but also a decrease in the quality of the language produced. In addition, our results indicate syndrome-specificity for aspects of expressive language development and reinforce the protective role of family-related factors.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
It is well known that individuals with Down syndrome (DS) or fragile X syndrome (FXS) demonstrate expressive language difficulties beginning early in childhood. It is less clear, however, whether expressive language skills change during the adolescent period in these individuals, and if any of these changes are syndrome specific. Studying this, as well as the role of maternal and family-related factors in expressive language development, may provide the foundation for efficacious interventions for adolescents with DS or FXS.
METHODS
In this study, we examined expressive language trajectories, assessed through conversation and narration, in 57 adolescent males with intellectual disability (ID) (20 DS and 37 FXS) in relation to the diagnostic group (DS vs. FXS) and family-related factors (maternal IQ, maternal psychological distress, closeness in the mother-child relationship, family income, and maternal and paternal education) after adjusting for chronological age (CA) and nonverbal cognition.
RESULTS
Changes over repeated annual assessments for males with DS or FXS were observed only during conversation, such as an increase in talkativeness, but a decrease in syntax complexity and lexical diversity. We found a diagnosis-related effect in the change over time in conversational talkativeness favoring those with FXS. Finally, a closer mother-child relationship predicted less decrease over time in lexical diversity during conversation, and participants of mothers who graduated college showed a greater increase in conversational talkativeness over time compared to those of mothers with a high school education.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that, during the adolescent period for males with DS or FXS, there is an increase in the amount of talk produced in conversational contexts, but also a decrease in the quality of the language produced. In addition, our results indicate syndrome-specificity for aspects of expressive language development and reinforce the protective role of family-related factors.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32593286
doi: 10.1186/s11689-020-09320-7
pii: 10.1186/s11689-020-09320-7
pmc: PMC7321535
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
18Subventions
Organisme : National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
ID : U54HD079125
Pays : International
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : P50 HD103524
Pays : United States
Organisme : National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
ID : R01HD024356
Pays : International
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR000002.
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : P50 HD103526
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : U54 HD079125
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R01 HD024356
Pays : United States
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