Thoracic radiotherapy as a risk factor for heart ischemia in subjects treated with chest irradiation and chemotherapy and without classic cardiovascular RISK factors.

Cardioncology Cardiovascular risk Coronary Artery Disease Exercise stress electrocardiography Radiation Induced Heart Disease Radiotherapy

Journal

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology
ISSN: 1879-0887
Titre abrégé: Radiother Oncol
Pays: Ireland
ID NLM: 8407192

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
11 2020
Historique:
received: 11 07 2019
revised: 06 07 2020
accepted: 06 07 2020
pubmed: 18 7 2020
medline: 15 4 2021
entrez: 18 7 2020
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Radiation Induced Heart Disease (RIHD) represents a late effect of chest irradiation, contributing in increasing mortality rate in oncological patients by affecting pericardium, myocardium, valvs and coronaries. Currently, regarding the risk of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), a cardiological screening involving exercise stress electrocardiography after 5-10 years from radiotherapy is advised. We sought to determine the rate of ischemia at exercise stress electrocardiography in a population of patients without cardiovascular risk factors who sustained radiotherapy, using a cohort of patients presenting with at least one cardiovascular risk factor as control group. A population of 115 patients who sustained chest irradiation (and associated chemotherapy), presenting without classic cardiovascular risk factors or typical symptoms suggesting CAD, was evaluated with exercise stress electrocardiography. 135 patients with at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease candidate to stress testing for primary prevention or for atypical symptoms served as control group. The cohort of irradiated patients without classical cardiovascular risk factors is younger (48.7 ± 10.1 vs 60.5 ± 10.8 years, p < 0.001) and presents a lower percentage of males when compared with the control group. In this latter group 25.9% of subjects has diabetes, 62.9% dyslipidaemia, 67.4% hypertension and 19.2% actively smoke. Despite this important differences regarding classic cardiovascular risk factors, no significant differences were found in the number of positive exercise stress electrocardiography (10.4 vs 5.9%, p = ns). Chest irradiation represents a strong cardiovascular risk factor. In fact, prevalence of positive ECG-stress test is not different (nor higher and nor lower) in irradiated subjects without cardiovascular risk and not irradiated patients with classic cardiovascular risk.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Radiation Induced Heart Disease (RIHD) represents a late effect of chest irradiation, contributing in increasing mortality rate in oncological patients by affecting pericardium, myocardium, valvs and coronaries. Currently, regarding the risk of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), a cardiological screening involving exercise stress electrocardiography after 5-10 years from radiotherapy is advised. We sought to determine the rate of ischemia at exercise stress electrocardiography in a population of patients without cardiovascular risk factors who sustained radiotherapy, using a cohort of patients presenting with at least one cardiovascular risk factor as control group.
DESIGN AND METHODS
A population of 115 patients who sustained chest irradiation (and associated chemotherapy), presenting without classic cardiovascular risk factors or typical symptoms suggesting CAD, was evaluated with exercise stress electrocardiography. 135 patients with at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease candidate to stress testing for primary prevention or for atypical symptoms served as control group.
RESULTS
The cohort of irradiated patients without classical cardiovascular risk factors is younger (48.7 ± 10.1 vs 60.5 ± 10.8 years, p < 0.001) and presents a lower percentage of males when compared with the control group. In this latter group 25.9% of subjects has diabetes, 62.9% dyslipidaemia, 67.4% hypertension and 19.2% actively smoke. Despite this important differences regarding classic cardiovascular risk factors, no significant differences were found in the number of positive exercise stress electrocardiography (10.4 vs 5.9%, p = ns).
CONCLUSIONS
Chest irradiation represents a strong cardiovascular risk factor. In fact, prevalence of positive ECG-stress test is not different (nor higher and nor lower) in irradiated subjects without cardiovascular risk and not irradiated patients with classic cardiovascular risk.

Identifiants

pubmed: 32679303
pii: S0167-8140(20)30397-2
doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.07.004
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

146-150

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Auteurs

Paola Vallerio (P)

Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department, ASTT GOM Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.

Alessandro Maloberti (A)

Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department, ASTT GOM Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.

Matteo Palazzini (M)

School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.

Lucia Occhi (L)

School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.

Alessio Peretti (A)

School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.

Stefano Nava (S)

Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department, ASTT GOM Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy.

Francesco Soriano (F)

Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department, ASTT GOM Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy.

Francesco Musca (F)

Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department, ASTT GOM Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy.

Benedetta De Chiara (B)

Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department, ASTT GOM Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.

Oriana Belli (O)

Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department, ASTT GOM Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy.

Antonella Moreo (A)

Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department, ASTT GOM Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy.

Irma Bisceglia (I)

Cardiology Service, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy.

Chiara Lestuzzi (C)

Cardiology Unit, Oncology Department, CRO, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.

Cristina Giannattasio (C)

Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department, ASTT GOM Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: cristina.giannattasio@unimib.it.

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Classifications MeSH