The risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment following anterior vitrectomy during cataract surgery: with versus without pars plana vitrectomy.

To compare the rates of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) following an anterior vitrectomy (AV) alone during cataract surgery, compared to cases requiring a subsequent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for dropped nuclear lens fragments (DNLFs). Retrospective electronic note review of consecutive patients with a posterior capsular rupture (PCR) requiring either AV or subsequent PPV for DNLF over a 5-year period. A total of 20,235 cataract operations were performed during the defined period with 199 cases (eyes) of PCR (0.98%). One hundred forty-four of these (72.4%) were managed with AV, and the remaining 55 cases were further complicated by DNLF and thus underwent secondary PPVs. A total of 80.0% of cases in the AV group had a final BCVA of 0.30 logMAR or better, and 77.35% in the DNLF group had a BCVA of 0.30 logMAR or better (p = 0.069). Final BCVA was 0.30 (range-0.18 to 3.0) in the AV group and 0.32 (range-0.18 to 1.8) in the DNLF group (p = 0.82). Final BCVA in those patients who suffered a RRD was poorer than the rest of the cohort in the AV group (p = 0.03). Seven of 144 cases in the AV group went on to develop a RRD with a median time of 11 months (range 1-18 months). None of the cases in the DNLF group went on to develop a RRD (P = 0.048). Following an anterior vitrectomy during complicated cataract surgery, the risk of RRD may be lower in patients who require a subsequent PPV for management of DNLF compared to patients who are managed with anterior vitrectomy alone.