Anatomical study of the soleus: Application to improved imaging diagnoses.
anatomic variation
bipennate bundle
soleus
soleus strain
Journal
Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
ISSN: 1098-2353
Titre abrégé: Clin Anat
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8809128
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Oct 2021
Oct 2021
Historique:
revised:
02
08
2020
received:
04
07
2020
accepted:
03
08
2020
pubmed:
13
8
2020
medline:
15
12
2021
entrez:
13
8
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Strains of the soleus are widely found both in amateur and professional athletes. For their accurate regional diagnoses, understanding the anatomy of the spatial relationship between muscular fibers and tendinous structures is important because their interfaces are susceptible sites to muscle strains. Therefore, this study evaluated the precise architecture of the soleus. We evaluated the precise anatomical architecture of the soleus in 87 formaldehyde-fixed soleus muscles. To calculate mean relative physiological cross-sectional area of each muscular fiber compartment, we measured the fiber length, volume, and pennation angle in isolated compartments. The posterior soleus surface was covered by a broad aponeurotic posterior insertion tendon (PIT), which continued inferiorly to the insertion tendon. The anterior surface had three aponeurotic origin tendons, lateral origin tendon (LOT), medial origin tendon (MOT), and tendinous arch, which were arranged along the soleus margins. The anterior bipennate muscle portion (ABP), surrounded by the three origin structures, terminated as the sagittal insertion tendon (SIT), which continued inferiorly to PIT. The posterior main muscle portion behind LOT and MOT was separated into lateral and medial portions by the SIT. The soleus thus possessed a broad musculotendinous junction. Furthermore, ABP exhibited wide structural diversity in shape and size: in extreme cases, it was duplicated or absent. Systematic anatomical descriptions of the soleus will be useful for accurate regional diagnosis of its strains with magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
991-1001Informations de copyright
© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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