Review of Newer Antidiabetic Agents for Diabetes Management in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

This systematic review describes the efficacy, safety, and drug interactions of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), and sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Articles were identified by English-language MEDLINE search, published prior to May 2020, using the terms kidney transplant, OR PTDM, OR NODAT, AND metformin, OR DPP4, OR GLP1, OR SGLT2. All selected studies were included if the study population was composed of adult KTRs who were diagnosed with either impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus (DM), new-onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT), or posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM). In KTRs, there is evidence for safety with DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 RAs, and SGLT2 inhibitors. However, urinary tract infections and a slight initial decrease in renal function may limit use of SGLT2 inhibitors. As compared with the nontransplant type 2 DM population, SGLT2 inhibitors are not as efficacious in KTRs. This review provides an overview of the current literature on newer antidiabetic agents, addressing efficacy, safety, and drug interactions to help guide clinical decision-making for their use in KTRs. Newer antidiabetic agents have been recommended by the American Diabetes Association for potential cardiovascular, renal, and hypoglycemic benefits. Particular agents, such as DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 RAs may play a role in correcting PTDM-related defects. Clinicians need to take into account both patient-specific and drug-specific characteristics when initiating these agents in KTRs.