Beyond barrier functions: Roles of pericytes in homeostasis and regulation of neuroinflammation.
blood-brain barrier
inflammation
multiple sclerosis
neurovascular unit
pericyte
Journal
Journal of neuroscience research
ISSN: 1097-4547
Titre abrégé: J Neurosci Res
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7600111
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2020
12 2020
Historique:
received:
10
04
2020
revised:
22
06
2020
accepted:
28
07
2020
pubmed:
21
8
2020
medline:
18
9
2021
entrez:
21
8
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Pericytes are contractile cells that extend along the vasculature to mediate key homeostatic functions of endothelial barriers within the body. In the central nervous system (CNS), pericytes are important contributors to the structure and function of the neurovascular unit, which includes endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons. The understanding of pericytes has been marred by an inability to accurately distinguish pericytes from other stromal cells with similar expression of identifying markers. Evidence is now growing in favor of pericytes being actively involved in both CNS homeostasis and pathology of neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and Alzheimer's disease among others. In this review, we discuss the current understanding on the characterization of pericytes, their roles in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, and their contributions to neuroinflammation and neurorepair. Owing to its plethora of surface receptors, pericytes respond to inflammatory mediators such as CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α, in turn secreting CCL2, nitric oxide, and several cytokines. Pericytes can therefore act as promoters of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Much like professional phagocytes, pericytes also have the ability to clear up cellular debris and macromolecular plaques. Moreover, pericytes promote the activities of CNS glia, including in maturation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells for myelination. Conversely, pericytes can impair regenerative processes by contributing to scar formation. A better characterization of CNS pericytes and their functions would bode well for therapeutics aimed at alleviating their undesirable properties and enhancing their benefits.
Substances chimiques
Inflammation Mediators
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2390-2405Subventions
Organisme : CIHR
Pays : Canada
Informations de copyright
© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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