Testing venous carbohydrate-deficient transferrin or capillary phosphatidylethanol with concurrent ethyl glucuronide and ethyl palmitate hair tests to assess historical and recent alcohol use.
CDT
EtG
EtPa
PEth
alcohol biomarkers
Journal
Drug testing and analysis
ISSN: 1942-7611
Titre abrégé: Drug Test Anal
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101483449
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jan 2021
Jan 2021
Historique:
received:
13
08
2020
revised:
25
09
2020
accepted:
25
09
2020
pubmed:
8
10
2020
medline:
8
10
2021
entrez:
7
10
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Hair biomarkers, ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl palmitate (EtPa), together with blood biomarker tests, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) or phosphatidylethanol (PEth), are commonly used in identifying patterns of alcohol consumption as they possess different windows of detection. The detection of EtG in hair samples is mainly used in combination with EtPa when hair cosmetic treatments such as hair colouring and bleaching affect EtG levels. The main purpose of our study was to investigate the differences in frequency distribution of positive CDT and PEth results indicating alcohol had been used, when EtG and EtPa were not detected, where evidence of abstinence is paramount. Of the total 602 cases, for 179 (29.7%), neither EtG nor EtPa markers were detected. Of these, 0.5% of the cases produced positive CDT. However, 18.6% produced positive PEth, a significantly higher proportion. A similar pattern emerges when results are evaluated according to whether hair had been either cosmetically treated or untreated. When hair was untreated, one case produced positive CDT, and 19.3% were positive for PEth (median of 51 ng/ml). No cases of positive CDT results, but 20.8% of PEth were positive (median of 106.5 ng/ml) when hair samples had been cosmetically treated. Whether EtG or EtPa markers were detected or not, significantly higher proportions of PEth than CDT were seen. The results of this study substantiate the case for using hair EtG in conjunction with a PEth test, rather than CDT test, for efficient monitoring of recent and historical alcohol consumption.
Substances chimiques
Biomarkers
0
Glucuronates
0
Glycerophospholipids
0
Palmitic Acids
0
Transferrin
0
carbohydrate-deficient transferrin
0
phosphatidylethanol
0
ethyl glucuronide
17685-04-0
ethyl palmitate
IRD3M534ZM
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
203-207Informations de copyright
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Références
Alladio E, Giacomelli L, Biosa G, et al. Development and validation of a partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model based on the determination of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) in hair for the diagnosis of chronic alcohol abuse. Forensic Sci Int. 2018;282:221-230.
Crunelle CL, Yegles M, van Nuijs AL, et al. Hair ethyl glucuronide levels as a marker for alcohol use and abuse: a review of the current state of the art. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;134:1-11.
Pragst F, Suesse S, Salomone A, et al. Commentary on current changes of the SoHT 2016 consensus on alcohol markers in hair and further background information. Forensic Sci Int. 2017;278:326-333.
Süße S, Selavka CM, Mieczkowski T, Pragst F. Fatty acid ethyl ester concentrations in hair and self-reported alcohol consumption in 644 cases from different origin. Forensic Sci Int. 2010;196(1-3):111-117.
Bortolotti F, Raffaelli R, Di Simone N, et al. CDT reference values for monitoring chronic alcohol abuse in pregnancy. Clin Chim Acta. 2020; 156-160.
Fagan KJ, Irvine KM, McWhinney BC, et al. Diagnostic sensitivity of carbohydrate deficient transferrin in heavy drinkers. BMC Gastroenterol. 2014;14:97.
Golka K, Wiese A. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT)-a biomarker for long-term alcohol consumption. J Toxicol Environ Health, Part B. 2004;7:319-337.
Andresen-Streichert H, Müller A, Glahn A, Skopp G, Sterneck M. Alcohol biomarkers in clinical and forensic contexts. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2018;115(18):309-315.
Helander A, Péter O, Zheng Y. Monitoring of the alcohol biomarkers PEth, CDT and EtG/EtS in an outpatient treatment setting. Alcohol Alcohol. 2012;47(5):552-557.
Paul R, Tsanaclis L, Murray C, Boroujerdi R, Facer L, Corbin A. Ethyl glucuronide as a long-term alcohol biomarker in fingernail and hair. Matrix comparison and evaluation of gender bias. Alcohol Alcohol. 2019;54(4):402-407.
Tsanaclis L, Bagley K, Bevan S, Wicks J. The effect of prolonged storage time on the stability of fatty acid ethyl esters in hair samples. J Anal Toxicol. 2020.
Jones J, Jones M, Plate C, Lewis D. The detection of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanol in human dried blood spots. Anal Methods. 2011;3(5):1101-1106.
Baldwin AE, Jones J, Jones M, Plate C, Lewis D. Retrospective assessment of prenatal alcohol exposure by detection of phosphatidylethanol in stored dried blood spot cards: an objective method for determining prevalence rates of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Int J Alcohol Drug Res. 2015;4(2):131-137.
Society of Hair Testing. 2016 Consensus for the use of alcohol markers in hair for assessment of both abstinence and chronic excessive alcohol consumption. https://www.soht.org/images/pdf/Revision_2019_Alcoholmarkers.pdf (Accessed July 1, 2020).
Kummer N, Wille SM, Poll A, Lambert WE, Samyn N, Stove CP. Quantification of EtG in hair, EtG and EtS in urine and PEth species in capillary dried blood spots to assess the alcohol consumption in driver's licence regranting cases. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;165:191-197.
Kechagias S, Dernroth DN, Blomgren A, et al. Phosphatidylethanol compared with other blood tests as a biomarker of moderate alcohol consumption in healthy volunteers: a prospective randomized study. Alcohol Alcohol. 2015;50(4):399-406.
Schröck A, Thierauf-Emberger A, Schürch S, Weinmann W. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) detected in blood for 3 to 12 days after single consumption of alcohol-a drinking study with 16 volunteers. Int J Leg Med. 2017;131(1):153-160.
Boscolo-Berto R, Favretto D, Cecchetto G, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of EtG in hair as a marker of chronic excessive drinking: pooled analysis of raw data and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ther Drug Monit. 2014;36(5):560-575.
Hahn JA, Anton RF, Javors MA. The formation, elimination, interpretation and future research needs of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) for research studies and clinical practice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2016;40(11):2292-2295.