Safety and Efficacy of Outpatient Surgical Procedures for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Enlargement in New York State and California (2005-2016).

We compared outcomes of transurethral prostatectomy and laser prostatectomy in a real-world setting. We present a prospectively collected observational cohort study of 85,682 men with benign prostatic enlargement in New York State and California who received transurethral prostatectomy or laser prostatectomy in outpatient and ambulatory surgery settings from January 2005 to December 2016. We used propensity score matching to adjust for differences in patient characteristics between groups. We analyzed short-term outcomes using mixed-effect logistic regressions and long-term outcomes using Cox regressions with a time-dependent treatment variable to account for nonproportionality. We performed a sensitivity analysis using multivariable regression models. Mean±SD patient age was 70.5±9.7 years, 71% of patients were White, and median followup was 3.8 years (IQR 1.8-6.3). Transurethral prostatectomy recipients had increased risk of 30-day hospital readmission/emergency room visit (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.13, p <0.001) and decreased risk of reoperation (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.76-0.88, p <0.001). Transurethral prostatectomy had a higher rate of urethral stricture (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.22-1.75, p <0.001). Transurethral prostatectomy was associated with higher risk of short and long-term complications but a lower rate of long-term reoperation than laser prostatectomy for benign prostatic enlargement.