Pregnancy does not modify the risk of MS in genetically susceptible women.

Adult Age of Onset Female Gene-Environment Interaction Genetic Predisposition to Disease / genetics Humans Middle Aged Multiple Sclerosis / epidemiology Norway / epidemiology Pregnancy Registries Reproductive History Risk Sweden / epidemiology United States / epidemiology White People / ethnology Young Adult

Journal

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation
ISSN: 2332-7812
Titre abrégé: Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101636388

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
11 2020
Historique:
received: 08 07 2020
accepted: 25 08 2020
entrez: 10 10 2020
pubmed: 11 10 2020
medline: 5 10 2021
Statut: epublish

Résumé

To use the case-only gene-environment (G [Formula: see text] E) interaction study design to estimate interaction between pregnancy before onset of MS symptoms and established genetic risk factors for MS among White adult females. We studied 2,497 female MS cases from 4 cohorts in the United States, Sweden, and Norway with clinical, reproductive, and genetic data. Pregnancy exposure was defined in 2 ways: (1) [Formula: see text] live birth pregnancy before onset of MS symptoms and (2) parity before onset of MS symptoms. We estimated interaction between pregnancy exposure and established genetic risk variants, including a weighted genetic risk score and both HLA and non-HLA variants, using logistic regression and proportional odds regression within each cohort. Within-cohort associations were combined using inverse variance meta-analyses with random effects. The case-only G × E independence assumption was tested in 7,067 individuals without MS. Evidence for interaction between pregnancy exposure and established genetic risk variants, including the strongly associated Our findings indicate that pregnancy before symptom onset does not modify the risk of MS in genetically susceptible White females.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000898 PMID: 33037103 PMC: PMC7673284
pubmed: 33037103
pii: 7/6/e898
doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000898
pmc: PMC7673284
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Subventions

Organisme : NIEHS NIH HHS
ID : R01 ES017080
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : R01 NS049510
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : R01 AI076544
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : R01 NS075308
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : RC2 AG036607
Pays : United States

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.

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Auteurs

Cameron J Adams (CJ)

From the Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.J.A., S.L.W.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (X.S., L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; School of Public Health (P.T.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Research & Evaluation (E.G., J.B.S., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (K.H.B., T.C., C.S.), Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; University of Oslo (S.D.B.), Institute of Clinical Medicine & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital (M.W.-H.), Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O.), Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern California Permanente Medical Group/Kaiser Permanente (A.M.L.-G.), Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden. cam.adams@berkeley.edu.

Sean L Wu (SL)

From the Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.J.A., S.L.W.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (X.S., L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; School of Public Health (P.T.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Research & Evaluation (E.G., J.B.S., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (K.H.B., T.C., C.S.), Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; University of Oslo (S.D.B.), Institute of Clinical Medicine & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital (M.W.-H.), Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O.), Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern California Permanente Medical Group/Kaiser Permanente (A.M.L.-G.), Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5781-9493

Xiaorong Shao (X)

From the Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.J.A., S.L.W.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (X.S., L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; School of Public Health (P.T.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Research & Evaluation (E.G., J.B.S., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (K.H.B., T.C., C.S.), Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; University of Oslo (S.D.B.), Institute of Clinical Medicine & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital (M.W.-H.), Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O.), Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern California Permanente Medical Group/Kaiser Permanente (A.M.L.-G.), Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.

Patrick T Bradshaw (PT)

From the Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.J.A., S.L.W.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (X.S., L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; School of Public Health (P.T.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Research & Evaluation (E.G., J.B.S., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (K.H.B., T.C., C.S.), Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; University of Oslo (S.D.B.), Institute of Clinical Medicine & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital (M.W.-H.), Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O.), Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern California Permanente Medical Group/Kaiser Permanente (A.M.L.-G.), Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7761-3129

Edlin Gonzales (E)

From the Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.J.A., S.L.W.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (X.S., L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; School of Public Health (P.T.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Research & Evaluation (E.G., J.B.S., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (K.H.B., T.C., C.S.), Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; University of Oslo (S.D.B.), Institute of Clinical Medicine & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital (M.W.-H.), Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O.), Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern California Permanente Medical Group/Kaiser Permanente (A.M.L.-G.), Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.

Jessica B Smith (JB)

From the Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.J.A., S.L.W.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (X.S., L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; School of Public Health (P.T.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Research & Evaluation (E.G., J.B.S., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (K.H.B., T.C., C.S.), Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; University of Oslo (S.D.B.), Institute of Clinical Medicine & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital (M.W.-H.), Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O.), Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern California Permanente Medical Group/Kaiser Permanente (A.M.L.-G.), Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.

Anny H Xiang (AH)

From the Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.J.A., S.L.W.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (X.S., L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; School of Public Health (P.T.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Research & Evaluation (E.G., J.B.S., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (K.H.B., T.C., C.S.), Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; University of Oslo (S.D.B.), Institute of Clinical Medicine & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital (M.W.-H.), Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O.), Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern California Permanente Medical Group/Kaiser Permanente (A.M.L.-G.), Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.

Kalliope H Bellesis (KH)

From the Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.J.A., S.L.W.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (X.S., L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; School of Public Health (P.T.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Research & Evaluation (E.G., J.B.S., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (K.H.B., T.C., C.S.), Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; University of Oslo (S.D.B.), Institute of Clinical Medicine & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital (M.W.-H.), Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O.), Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern California Permanente Medical Group/Kaiser Permanente (A.M.L.-G.), Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4180-7519

Terrence Chinn (T)

From the Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.J.A., S.L.W.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (X.S., L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; School of Public Health (P.T.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Research & Evaluation (E.G., J.B.S., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (K.H.B., T.C., C.S.), Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; University of Oslo (S.D.B.), Institute of Clinical Medicine & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital (M.W.-H.), Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O.), Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern California Permanente Medical Group/Kaiser Permanente (A.M.L.-G.), Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.

Steffan D Bos (SD)

From the Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.J.A., S.L.W.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (X.S., L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; School of Public Health (P.T.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Research & Evaluation (E.G., J.B.S., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (K.H.B., T.C., C.S.), Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; University of Oslo (S.D.B.), Institute of Clinical Medicine & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital (M.W.-H.), Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O.), Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern California Permanente Medical Group/Kaiser Permanente (A.M.L.-G.), Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2975-7520

Marte Wendel-Haga (M)

From the Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.J.A., S.L.W.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (X.S., L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; School of Public Health (P.T.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Research & Evaluation (E.G., J.B.S., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (K.H.B., T.C., C.S.), Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; University of Oslo (S.D.B.), Institute of Clinical Medicine & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital (M.W.-H.), Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O.), Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern California Permanente Medical Group/Kaiser Permanente (A.M.L.-G.), Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.

Tomas Olsson (T)

From the Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.J.A., S.L.W.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (X.S., L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; School of Public Health (P.T.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Research & Evaluation (E.G., J.B.S., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (K.H.B., T.C., C.S.), Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; University of Oslo (S.D.B.), Institute of Clinical Medicine & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital (M.W.-H.), Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O.), Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern California Permanente Medical Group/Kaiser Permanente (A.M.L.-G.), Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2938-1877

Ingrid Kockum (I)

From the Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.J.A., S.L.W.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (X.S., L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; School of Public Health (P.T.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Research & Evaluation (E.G., J.B.S., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (K.H.B., T.C., C.S.), Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; University of Oslo (S.D.B.), Institute of Clinical Medicine & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital (M.W.-H.), Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O.), Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern California Permanente Medical Group/Kaiser Permanente (A.M.L.-G.), Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0867-4726

Annette M Langer-Gould (AM)

From the Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.J.A., S.L.W.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (X.S., L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; School of Public Health (P.T.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Research & Evaluation (E.G., J.B.S., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (K.H.B., T.C., C.S.), Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; University of Oslo (S.D.B.), Institute of Clinical Medicine & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital (M.W.-H.), Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O.), Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern California Permanente Medical Group/Kaiser Permanente (A.M.L.-G.), Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6891-7147

Catherine Schaefer (C)

From the Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.J.A., S.L.W.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (X.S., L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; School of Public Health (P.T.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Research & Evaluation (E.G., J.B.S., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (K.H.B., T.C., C.S.), Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; University of Oslo (S.D.B.), Institute of Clinical Medicine & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital (M.W.-H.), Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O.), Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern California Permanente Medical Group/Kaiser Permanente (A.M.L.-G.), Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2644-055X

Lars Alfredsson (L)

From the Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.J.A., S.L.W.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (X.S., L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; School of Public Health (P.T.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Research & Evaluation (E.G., J.B.S., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (K.H.B., T.C., C.S.), Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; University of Oslo (S.D.B.), Institute of Clinical Medicine & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital (M.W.-H.), Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O.), Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern California Permanente Medical Group/Kaiser Permanente (A.M.L.-G.), Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1688-6697

Lisa F Barcellos (LF)

From the Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.J.A., S.L.W.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (X.S., L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; School of Public Health (P.T.B.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Research & Evaluation (E.G., J.B.S., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (K.H.B., T.C., C.S.), Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; University of Oslo (S.D.B.), Institute of Clinical Medicine & Oslo University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital (M.W.-H.), Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O.), Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (I.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern California Permanente Medical Group/Kaiser Permanente (A.M.L.-G.), Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0303-3479

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Pregnancy does not modify the risk of MS in...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Facteurs épidémiologiques › Facteurs âges › Âge de début › Pregnancy does not modify the risk of MS in...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes génétiques › Phénotype › Interaction entre gènes et environnement › Pregnancy does not modify the risk of MS in...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes génétiques › Génotype › Prédisposition génétique à une maladie › Pregnancy does not modify the risk of MS in...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Pregnancy does not modify the risk of MS in...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Adulte d'âge moyen › Pregnancy does not modify the risk of MS in...
questionsmedicales.fr › Maladies du système immunitaire › Maladies auto-immunes › Maladies auto-immunes du système nerveux › Maladies démyélinisantes auto-immunes du SNC › Sclérose en plaques › Pregnancy does not modify the risk of MS in...
questionsmedicales.fr › Régions géographiques › Europe › Pays nordiques et scandinaves › Norvège › Pregnancy does not modify the risk of MS in...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes physiologiques des appareils urinaire et reproducteur › Phénomènes physiologiques de la reproduction › Reproduction › Grossesse › Pregnancy does not modify the risk of MS in...
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