Endogenous flux of nitric oxide: Citrulline is preferred to Arginine.
arginine
citrulline
nitric oxide
Journal
Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)
ISSN: 1748-1716
Titre abrégé: Acta Physiol (Oxf)
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101262545
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
03 2021
03 2021
Historique:
received:
09
05
2020
revised:
09
09
2020
accepted:
17
10
2020
pubmed:
23
10
2020
medline:
19
8
2021
entrez:
22
10
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Both arginine (Arg) and its precursor citrulline (Cit) have received much interest in the past two decades because of their potential effects on whole-body nitric oxide (NO) production and augmentation of NO-dependent signalling pathways. However, the usefulness of Arg supplementation for NO production is questionable because of its high splanchnic first pass metabolism (FPM), which limits its systemic availability. Both hepatic- and extrahepatic arginases critically limit the availability of Arg for the NO synthase enzymes (NOSs) and therefore, a limited amount of oral Arg can reach the systemic circulation for NO synthesis. Arg also has some undesired effects including induction of arginase activity, an increase of urea levels, a decrease of cellular uptake of Cit and decrease of recycling of Arg from Cit. In contrast, Cit has more availability as an NO precursor because of its high intestinal absorption, low FPM and high renal reabsorption. At the cellular level, co-localization of Cit transport systems and the enzymes involved in the Cit-Arg-NO pathway facilitates channelling of Cit into NO. Furthermore, cells preferably use Cit rather than either intra- or extracellular Arg to improve NO output, especially in high-demand situations. In conclusion, available evidence strongly supports the concept that Cit leads to higher NO production and suggests that Cit may have a better therapeutic effect than Arg for NO-disrupted conditions.
Substances chimiques
Citrulline
29VT07BGDA
Nitric Oxide
31C4KY9ESH
Arginine
94ZLA3W45F
Nitric Oxide Synthase
EC 1.14.13.39
Arginase
EC 3.5.3.1
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e13572Informations de copyright
© 2020 Scandinavian Physiological Society. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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