Protective Functions of Reactive Astrocytes Following Central Nervous System Insult.
Animals
Astrocytes
/ drug effects
Central Nervous System
/ drug effects
Central Nervous System Agents
/ therapeutic use
Central Nervous System Diseases
/ drug therapy
Humans
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
/ metabolism
Molecular Targeted Therapy
Nerve Growth Factors
/ metabolism
Phenotype
Signal Transduction
Alzheimer’s disease
astrocytes
astrogliosis
ischemic stroke
multiple sclerosis
neurodegeneration
neuroinflammation
protective
Journal
Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
Titre abrégé: Front Immunol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101560960
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
received:
01
07
2020
accepted:
14
09
2020
entrez:
29
10
2020
pubmed:
30
10
2020
medline:
16
6
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Astrocytes play important roles in numerous central nervous system disorders including autoimmune inflammatory, hypoxic, and degenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, ischemic stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. Depending on the spatial and temporal context, activated astrocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis, progression, and recovery of disease. Recent progress in the dissection of transcriptional responses to varying forms of central nervous system insult has shed light on the mechanisms that govern the complexity of reactive astrocyte functions. While a large body of research focuses on the pathogenic effects of reactive astrocytes, little is known about how they limit inflammation and contribute to tissue regeneration. However, these protective astrocyte pathways might be of relevance for the understanding of the underlying pathology in disease and may lead to novel targeted approaches to treat autoimmune inflammatory and degenerative disorders of the central nervous system. In this review article, we have revisited the emerging concept of protective astrocyte functions and discuss their role in the recovery from inflammatory and ischemic disease as well as their role in degenerative disorders. Focusing on soluble astrocyte derived mediators, we aggregate the existing knowledge on astrocyte functions in the maintenance of homeostasis as well as their reparative and tissue-protective function after acute lesions and in neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we give an outlook of how these mediators may guide future therapeutic strategies to tackle yet untreatable disorders of the central nervous system.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33117368
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573256
pmc: PMC7561408
doi:
Substances chimiques
Central Nervous System Agents
0
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
0
Nerve Growth Factors
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
573256Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 Linnerbauer and Rothhammer.
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