How to Interpret Tinnitus Functional Index Scores: A Proposal for a Grading System Based on a Large Sample of Tinnitus Patients.
Journal
Ear and hearing
ISSN: 1538-4667
Titre abrégé: Ear Hear
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8005585
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Historique:
pubmed:
7
11
2020
medline:
29
7
2021
entrez:
6
11
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) is considered the gold standard in measuring tinnitus severity. The aim of the study was to establish reference values to improve the interpretability of TFI scores. Results from 1114 patients with tinnitus were retrospectively analyzed. The participants were consecutive patients who attended our tertiary referral Ear, Nose, and Throat Center. The eligibility criteria were: at least 18 years old, persistent tinnitus, completed pure-tone audiometry, and answered all 25 items on the TFI. Hearing status (normal hearing vs. hearing impairment) was established according to the recommendation of the Bureau International d'Audiophonologie. Means (M) and SD on the TFI were the basis for grading tinnitus severity on four levels: low, lower moderate, upper moderate, and high. To gauge individual scores in clinical practice, percentiles are also proposed. All 1114 patients (586 women and 528 men) were Caucasian and aged from 19 to 87 years (M = 50.96; SD = 13.10 years). Tinnitus duration ranged from 0.5 to 50 years (M = 7.17; SD = 7.71 years). There were 258 patients with normal hearing and 856 patients with hearing loss. A score of above 65 points on TFI was established as the cutoff point for diagnosing high tinnitus severity. A regression model associating tinnitus severity with gender, age, tinnitus duration, and hearing loss was statistically significant: F(4,1109) = 8.99; p < 0.001, but the effect was very small (R2adj = 0.028) and only gender and age were associated with TFI global score, while tinnitus severity was not related to tinnitus duration or hearing loss. The reference values proposed here support those reported previously by Meikle et al. They are empirically based and can be used as benchmarks in clinical practice and scientific research. They make it possible to assess tinnitus severity, evaluate individual scores, and categorize individuals with tinnitus. This allows researchers to set inclusion or exclusion criteria when assigning patients to specific groups during clinical trials involving tinnitus intervention strategies.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33156124
pii: 00003446-202105000-00016
doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000967
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
654-661Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Références
Aaronson N., Alonso J., Burnam A., Lohr K. N., Patrick D. L., Perrin E., Stein R. E. Assessing health status and quality-of-life instruments: Attributes and review criteria. Qual Life Res, (2002). 11, 193–205.
Baguley D. M., Moffat D. A., Hardy D. G. What is the effect of translabyrinthine acoustic schwannoma removal upon tinnitus? J Laryngol Otol, (1992). 106, 329–331.
Black N., Varaganum M., Hutchings A. Relationship between patient reported experience (PREMs) and patient reported outcomes (PROMs) in elective surgery. BMJ Qual Saf, (2014). 23, 534–542.
Boyd J. C. Defining laboratory reference values and decision limits: Populations, intervals, and interpretations. Asian J Androl, (2010). 12, 83–90.
Bureau International d’Audiophonologie. BIAP Recommendation 02/1 : Audiometric Classification of Hearing Impairments. (1996)Available at: https://www.biap.org/en/recommandations/recommendations/tc-02-classification/213-rec-02-1-en-audiometric-classification-of-hearing-impairments/file
Cohen J. A power primer. Psychol Bull, (1992). 112, 155–159.
Cohen J. (Statistical Power Analysis for The Behavioral Sciences (1988). 2nd ed.) L. Erlbaum Associates.
Erlandsson S. I., Holgers K.-M. The impact of perceived tinnitus severity on health-related quality of life with aspects of gender. Noise Health, (2001). 3, 39–51.
Fackrell K., Hall D., Barry J., et al. Signorelli F., Turjman F. (Eds.), Tools for tinnitus measurement: development and validity of questionnaires to assess handicap and treatment effects. In Tinnitus: Causes Treatment and Short and Long-Term Health Effects. (2014). Nova Science Publishers Inc.13–60.
Fackrell K., Hall D. A., Barry J. G., Hoare D. J. Psychometric properties of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI): Assessment in a UK research volunteer population. Hear Res, (2016). 335, 220–235.
Gräsbeck R. The evolution of the reference value concept. Clin Chem Lab Med, (2004). 42, 692–697.
Gräsbeck R., Saris N. Establishment and use of normal values. Scand J Clin Lab Invest, (1969). 24, 110.
Hall D. A., Haider H., Szczepek A. J., Lau P., Rabau S., Jones-Diette J., Londero A., Edvall N. K., Cederroth C. R., Mielczarek M., Fuller T., Batuecas-Caletrio A., Brueggemen P., Thompson D. M., Norena A., Cima R. F., Mehta R. L., Mazurek B. Systematic review of outcome domains and instruments used in clinical trials of tinnitus treatments in adults. Trials, (2016). 17, 270.
Hébert S., Carrier J. Sleep complaints in elderly tinnitus patients: A controlled study. Ear Hear, (2007). 28, 649–655.
Henry J. A., Griest S., Thielman E., McMillan G., Kaelin C., Carlson K. F. Tinnitus Functional Index: Development, validation, outcomes research, and clinical application. Hear Res, (2016). 334, 58–64.
Henry J. A., Griest S., Zaugg T. L., Thielman E., Kaelin C., Galvez G., Carlson K.F. Tinnitus and hearing survey: A screening tool to differentiate bothersome tinnitus from hearing difficulties. Am J Audiol, (2015). 24, 66–77.
Hiller W., Goebel G. Factors influencing tinnitus loudness and annoyance. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, (2006). 132, 1323–1330.
IBM SPSS. (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0. (2016). IBM Corp.
Jastreboff P. J. 25 years of tinnitus retraining therapy. HNO, (2015). 63, 307–311.
Kamalski D. M., Hoekstra C. E., van Zanten B. G., Grolman W., Rovers M. M. Measuring disease-specific health-related quality of life to evaluate treatment outcomes in tinnitus patients: A systematic review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, (2010). 143, 181–185.
Kline P. (The Handbook of Psychological Testing. (2000). Psychology Press.
Klockhoff I., Lindblom U. Menière’s disease and hydrochlorothiazide (Dichlotride)–a critical analysis of symptoms and therapeutic effects. Acta Otolaryngol, (1967). 63, 347–365.
Kok R. M., Reynolds C. F. III Management of depression in older adults: A review. JAMA, (2017). 317, 2114–2122.
Landgrebe M., Azevedo A., Baguley D., Bauer C., Cacace A., Coelho C., Dornhoffer J., Figueiredo R., Flor H., Hajak G., van de Heyning P., Hiller W., Khedr E., Kleinjung T., Koller M., Lainez J. M., Londero A., Martin W. H., Mennemeier M., Piccirillo J., et al. Methodological aspects of clinical trials in tinnitus: a proposal for an international standard. J Psychosom Res, (2012). 73, 112–121.
Langguth B., Searchfield G. D., Biesinger E., et al. Moller A. R, Langguth B, DeRidder D, Kleinjung T. (eds.), History and questionnaires. In Textbook of Tinnitus. (pp. (2011). Springer.387–404.
Londero A., Hall D. A. Call for an evidence-based consensus on outcome reporting in tinnitus intervention studies. Front Med, (2017). 4, 42.
McCombe A., Baguley D., Coles R., McKenna L., McKinney C., Windle-Taylor P.British Association of Otolaryngologists, Head and Neck Surgeons. Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity: the results of a working group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists, Head and Neck Surgeons, 1999. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci, (2001). 26, 388–393.
McCormack A., Edmondson-Jones M., Somerset S., Hall D. A systematic review of the reporting of tinnitus prevalence and severity. Hear Res, (2016). 337, 70–79.
Meikle M. B., Henry J. A., Griest S. E., Stewart B. J., Abrams H. B., McArdle R., Myers P. J., Newman C. W., Sandridge S., Turk D. C., Folmer R. L., Frederick E. J., House J. W., Jacobson G. P., Kinney S. E., Martin W. H., Nagler S. M., Reich G. E., Searchfield G., Sweetow R., et al. The tinnitus functional index: Development of a new clinical measure for chronic, intrusive tinnitus. Ear Hear, (2012). 33, 153–176.
Mokkink L. B., Terwee C. B., Patrick D. L., Alonso J., Stratford P. W., Knol D. L., Bouter L. M., de Vet H. C. The COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: An international Delphi study. Qual Life Res Int J Qual Life Asp Treat Care Rehabil, (2010). 19, 539–549.
Moller A. R. Moller A. R., Langguth B., DeRidder D., Kleinjung T. (eds.), Epidemiology of tinnitus in adults. In Textbook of Tinnitus. (pp. (2011a). Springer.29–37.
Moller A.R. Moller A. R., Langguth B., DeRidder D., Kleinjung T. (eds.), Introduction. In Textbook of Tinnitus. (pp. (2011b). Springer.3–7.
Newman C. W., Jacobson G. P., Spitzer J. B. Development of the tinnitus handicap inventory. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, (1996). 122, 143–148.
Noroozian M., Jafari Z., Shahmiri E., Omidvar S., Zendehbad A., Amini N., Radmehr M., Bagherian M., Yoonessi A. Effect of age, gender and hearing loss on the degree of discomfort due to tinnitus. Basic Clin Neurosci, (2017). 8, 435–442.
Oron Y., Shemesh S., Tamir S. O., Goldfarb A., Marom T., Gluck O., Shushan S. A Hebrew adaptation of the tinnitus functional index. Clin Otolaryngol, (2018). 43, 662–665.
Peter N., Kleinjung T., Jeker R., Meyer M., Klaghofer R., Weidt S. Tinnitus functional index: Validation of the German version for Switzerland. Health Qual Life Outcomes, (2017). 15, 94.
Pinto P. C., Sanchez T. G., Tomita S. The impact of gender, age and hearing loss on tinnitus severity. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, (2010). 76, 18–24.
Piotrowska A., Raj-Koziak D., Lorens A., et al. Tinnitus reported by children aged 7 and 12 years. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, (2015). 79, 1346–1350.
Rabau S., Wouters K., Van de Heyning P. Validation and translation of the Dutch tinnitus functional index. B-ENT, (2014). 10, 251–258.
Raj-Koziak D., Gos E., Rajchel J., Piłka A., Skarżyński H., Rostkowska J., Skarzynski P. H. Tinnitus and hearing survey: A polish study of validity and reliability in a clinical population. Audiol Neurootol, (2017). 22, 197–204.
Raj-Koziak D., Gos E., Świerniak W., Karpiesz L., Niedziałek I., Włodarczyk E., Skarżyński H., Skarżyński P. H. Relationship between tinnitus loudness measure by visual analogue scale and psychoacoustic matching of tinnitus loudness. Otol Neurotol, (2019). 40, 16–21.
Raj-Koziak D., Gos E., Swierniak W., Rajchel J. J., Karpiesz L., Niedzialek I., Wlodarczyk E., Skarzynski H., Skarzynski P. H. Visual analogue scales as a tool for initial assessment of tinnitus severity: Psychometric evaluation in a clinical population. Audiol Neurootol, (2018). 23, 229–237.
Savastano M. Characteristics of tinnitus in childhood. Eur J Pediatr, (2007). 166, 797–801.
Savastano M. Tinnitus with or without hearing loss: Are its characteristics different? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, (2008). 265, 1295–1300.
Skarżyński H., Gos E., Raj-Koziak D., Skarżyński P. H. Skarzynski tinnitus scale: Validation of a brief and robust tool for assessing tinnitus in a clinical population. Eur J Med Res, (2018). 23, 54.
Skarzynski P., Kochanek K., Skarżyński H., Senderski A., Wysocki J., Szkielkowska A. Hearing screening program in school-age children in Western Poland. J Int Adv Audiol, (2011). 7, 194–200.
Skarżyński P. H., Rajchel J. J., Gos E., Dziendziel B., Kutyba J., Bieńkowska K., Świerniak W., Gocel M., Raj-Koziak D., Włodarczyk E. A., Skarżyński H. A revised grading system for the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory based on a large clinical population. Int J Audiol, (2020). 59, 61–67.
Skarzynski P. H., Raj-Koziak D., Rajchel J., Pilka A., Wlodarczyk A. W., Skarzynski H. Adaptation of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory into Polish and its testing on a clinical population of tinnitus sufferers. Int J Audiol, (2017). 56, 711–715.
Skarżyński P. H., Świerniak W., Piłka A., Skarżynska M. B., Włodarczyk A. W., Kholmatov D., Makhamadiev A., Hatzopoulos S. A hearing screening program for children in primary schools in Tajikistan: A telemedicine model. Med Sci Monit, (2016). 22, 2424–2430.
Tabachnick B.G., Fidell L.S. (Using Multivariate Statistics (2007). 5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon/Pearson Education.
Terwee C. B., Bot S. D., de Boer M. R., van der Windt D. A., Knol D. L., Dekker J., Bouter L. M., de Vet H. C. Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol, (2007). 60, 34–42.
Tunkel D. E., Bauer C. A., Sun G. H., Rosenfeld R. M., Chandrasekhar S. S., Cunningham E. R. Jr, Archer S. M., Blakley B. W., Carter J. M., Granieri E. C., Henry J. A., Hollingsworth D., Khan F. A., Mitchell S., Monfared A., Newman C. W., Omole F. S., Phillips C. D., Robinson S. K., Taw M. B., et al. Clinical practice guideline: tinnitus. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, (2014). 1512 SupplS1–S40.
Tyler R., Ji H., Perreau A., Witt S., Noble W., Coelho C. Development and validation of the tinnitus primary function questionnaire. Am J Audiol, (2014). 23, 260–272.
Urbina S. (Essentials of Psychological Testing (2004). 1st ed.). Wiley.
US Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Guidance for industry: Patient-reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims: Draft guidance. Health Qual Life Outcomes, (2006). 4, 79.
Welch D., Dawes P. J. Personality and perception of tinnitus. Ear Hear, (2008). 29, 684–692.
Wrzosek M., Szymiec E., Klemens W., Kotyło P., Schlee W., Modrzyńska M., Lang-Małecka A., Preis A., Bulla J. Polish translation and validation of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory and the Tinnitus Functional Index. Front Psychol, (2016). 7, 1871.
Zeman F., Koller M., Langguth B., Landgrebe M.Tinnitus Research Initiative Database Study Group. Which tinnitus-related aspects are relevant for quality of life and depression: Results from a large international multicentre sample. Health Qual Life Outcomes, (2014). 12, 7.