Immune Checkpoints and CAR-T Cells: The Pioneers in Future Cancer Therapies?
CAR-T cells
cancer therapy
immune checkpoints
immunotherapy
Journal
International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
Titre abrégé: Int J Mol Sci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101092791
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 Nov 2020
05 Nov 2020
Historique:
received:
12
10
2020
revised:
28
10
2020
accepted:
03
11
2020
entrez:
10
11
2020
pubmed:
11
11
2020
medline:
17
3
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Although the ever-increasing number of cancer patients pose substantial challenges worldwide, finding a treatment with the highest response rate and the lowest number of side effects is still undergoing research. Compared to chemotherapy, the relatively low side effects of cancer immunotherapy have provided ample opportunity for immunotherapy to become a promising approach for patients with malignancy. However, the clinical translation of immune-based therapies requires robust anti-tumoral immune responses. Immune checkpoints have substantial roles in the induction of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and tolerance against tumor antigens. Identifying and targeting these inhibitory axes, which can be established between tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, can facilitate the development of anti-tumoral immune responses. Bispecific T-cell engagers, which can attract lymphocytes to the tumor microenvironment, have also paved the road for immunological-based tumor elimination. The development of CAR-T cells and their gene editing have brought ample opportunity to recognize tumor antigens, independent from immune checkpoints and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Indeed, there have been remarkable advances in developing various CAR-T cells to target tumoral cells. Knockout of immune checkpoints via gene editing in CAR-T cells might be designated for a breakthrough for patients with malignancy. In the midst of this fast progress in cancer immunotherapies, there is a need to provide up-to-date information regarding immune checkpoints, bispecific T-cell engagers, and CAR-T cells. Therefore, this review aims to provide recent findings of immune checkpoints, bispecific T-cell engagers, and CAR-T cells in cancer immunotherapy and discuss the pertained clinical trials.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33167514
pii: ijms21218305
doi: 10.3390/ijms21218305
pmc: PMC7663909
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antigens, Neoplasm
0
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
0
Immune Checkpoint Proteins
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
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