Insurance Coverage and Use of Hormones Among Transgender Respondents to a National Survey.
Adult
Drug Misuse
/ statistics & numerical data
Female
Health Services Accessibility
/ statistics & numerical data
Health Surveys
Hormone Replacement Therapy
/ statistics & numerical data
Hormones
/ therapeutic use
Humans
Insurance Coverage
/ statistics & numerical data
Insurance, Health
/ statistics & numerical data
Male
Medically Uninsured
/ statistics & numerical data
Odds Ratio
Sex Reassignment Procedures
/ statistics & numerical data
Transgender Persons
/ statistics & numerical data
United States
LGBT
gender-affirming hormones
health services
insurance
risk reduction
transgender
vulnerable populations
Journal
Annals of family medicine
ISSN: 1544-1717
Titre abrégé: Ann Fam Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101167762
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 2020
11 2020
Historique:
received:
20
11
2019
revised:
14
04
2020
accepted:
11
05
2020
entrez:
10
11
2020
pubmed:
11
11
2020
medline:
13
8
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
We undertook a study to assess the associations between barriers to insurance coverage for gender-affirming hormones (either lack of insurance or claim denial) and patterns of hormone use among transgender adults. We used data from the US Transgender Survey, a large national sample of 27,715 transgender adults, collected from August to September 2015. We calculated weighted proportions and performed multivariate logistic regression analyses. Of 12,037 transgender adults using hormones, 992 (9.17%) were using nonprescription hormones. Among insured respondents, 2,528 (20.81%) reported that their claims were denied. Use of nonprescription hormones was more common among respondents who were uninsured (odds ratio = 2.64; 95% CI, 1.88-3.71; Lack of insurance coverage for gender-affirming hormones is associated with lower overall odds of hormone use and higher odds of use of nonprescription hormones; such barriers may thus be linked to unmonitored and unsafe medication use, and increase the risks for adverse health outcomes. Ensuring access to hormones can decrease the economic burden transgender people face, and is an important part of harm-reduction strategies.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33168681
pii: 18/6/528
doi: 10.1370/afm.2586
pmc: PMC7708284
doi:
Substances chimiques
Hormones
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
528-534Informations de copyright
© 2020 Annals of Family Medicine, Inc.
Références
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Nov 1;102(11):3869-3903
pubmed: 28945902
N Engl J Med. 2019 May 16;380(20):1885-1888
pubmed: 31091369
Ann Fam Med. 2018 Nov;16(6):555-558
pubmed: 30420373
J Sex Med. 2014 Dec;11(12):2995-3001
pubmed: 25213018
Med Educ. 2019 Apr;53(4):398-407
pubmed: 30666699
AMA J Ethics. 2016 Nov 1;18(11):1079-1085
pubmed: 27883299
LGBT Health. 2019 Jan;6(1):34-39
pubmed: 30562128
Am J Public Health. 2016 May;106(5):787-9
pubmed: 27049415
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Jan;210(1):16-26
pubmed: 23707806
Transgend Health. 2016 Jan;1(1):21-31
pubmed: 27595141
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Dec;219(6):585.e1-585.e5
pubmed: 30267652
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Sep;219(3):272.e1-272.e4
pubmed: 29733842
J Gen Intern Med. 2016 Apr;31(4):394-401
pubmed: 26481647
Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Dec;118(6):1454-8
pubmed: 22105293
Am J Public Health. 2014 Mar;104(3):e31-8
pubmed: 24432926
AMA J Ethics. 2018 Apr 1;20(4):403-413
pubmed: 29671736
Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Jan;129(1):e11-e16
pubmed: 28002311
Transgend Health. 2017 Jul 01;2(1):119-128
pubmed: 29082332
Am Psychol. 2015 Dec;70(9):832-64
pubmed: 26653312
N Engl J Med. 2017 May 11;376(19):1801-1804
pubmed: 28402247
Med Care. 2016 Nov;54(11):1010-1016
pubmed: 27314263
AMA J Ethics. 2016 Nov 1;18(11):1147-1155
pubmed: 27883307
BMJ. 2019 Jan 9;364:k4810
pubmed: 30626577