Investigation of in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing and genetic diversity of clinical isolates of Trichophyton benhamiae and Trichophyton eriotrephon in Iran.
Trichophyton benhamiae
Trichophyton eriotrephon
Dermatophytosis
Iran
Journal
Mycoses
ISSN: 1439-0507
Titre abrégé: Mycoses
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 8805008
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Mar 2021
Mar 2021
Historique:
received:
12
06
2020
revised:
12
10
2020
accepted:
08
11
2020
pubmed:
16
11
2020
medline:
3
9
2021
entrez:
15
11
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Trichophyton benhamiae is a zoophilic dermatophyte, known as one of the causative agents of dermatophytosis. The purpose of this study was to explore the genotypes of T. benhamiae strains isolated from geographically different areas of Iran and also to evaluate in vitro antifungal susceptibility profile of these strains against seven antifungal drugs. Twenty-two strains of T. benhamiae and two strains of T. eriotrephon were isolated from patients with distinct types of dermatophytosis. DNA extraction and amplification of rDNA regions using ITS1 and ITS4 primers were conducted on the isolates. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility of posaconazole (PSC), voriconazole (VRC), itraconazole (ITC), ketoconazole (KET), caspofungin (CAS), terbinafine (TRB) and griseofulvin (GRZ) was evaluated according to CLSI M38-A2 protocol. The multiple alignment of the ITS-rDNA sequences of T. benhamiae indicated a mean similarity of 99.5%, with 0-3 interspecies nucleotide difference. The geometric mean (GM) values of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum effective concentrations (MECs) across the all isolates were respectively: TRB: 0.025 mg/L, PSC: 0.032 mg/L, ITC: 0.050 mg/L and VRC: 0.059 mg/L with lower values and CAS: 0.31 mg/L, KTZ: 0.56 mg/L and GRZ: 0.76 mg/L with higher values. Diverse ITS sequence types of T. benhamiae were shown in different geographical regions of Iran. The TRB, PSC and ITC were the most effective drugs against T. benhamiae strains, respectively. Furthermore, in our study, two strains of T. eriotrephon as a scarce dermatophyte species were described.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Trichophyton benhamiae is a zoophilic dermatophyte, known as one of the causative agents of dermatophytosis.
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to explore the genotypes of T. benhamiae strains isolated from geographically different areas of Iran and also to evaluate in vitro antifungal susceptibility profile of these strains against seven antifungal drugs.
METHODS
METHODS
Twenty-two strains of T. benhamiae and two strains of T. eriotrephon were isolated from patients with distinct types of dermatophytosis. DNA extraction and amplification of rDNA regions using ITS1 and ITS4 primers were conducted on the isolates. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility of posaconazole (PSC), voriconazole (VRC), itraconazole (ITC), ketoconazole (KET), caspofungin (CAS), terbinafine (TRB) and griseofulvin (GRZ) was evaluated according to CLSI M38-A2 protocol.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The multiple alignment of the ITS-rDNA sequences of T. benhamiae indicated a mean similarity of 99.5%, with 0-3 interspecies nucleotide difference. The geometric mean (GM) values of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum effective concentrations (MECs) across the all isolates were respectively: TRB: 0.025 mg/L, PSC: 0.032 mg/L, ITC: 0.050 mg/L and VRC: 0.059 mg/L with lower values and CAS: 0.31 mg/L, KTZ: 0.56 mg/L and GRZ: 0.76 mg/L with higher values.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
Diverse ITS sequence types of T. benhamiae were shown in different geographical regions of Iran. The TRB, PSC and ITC were the most effective drugs against T. benhamiae strains, respectively. Furthermore, in our study, two strains of T. eriotrephon as a scarce dermatophyte species were described.
Banques de données
GENBANK
['KP789377', 'KP789378', 'KP789379', 'KP789380', 'KP789381', 'KP789382', 'KP789383', 'KP789384', 'KP789385', 'KP789386', 'KP789387', 'KP789388', 'KP789389', 'KP789390', 'KP789391', 'KP789392', 'KP789393', 'KP789394', 'MT355790', 'MT355791', 'MT355792', 'KM502235', 'KP789416', 'KP789415', 'KP789434']
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
316-323Informations de copyright
© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Références
de Hoog GS, Dukik K, Monod M, et al. Toward a novel multilocus phylogenetic taxonomy for the dermatophytes. Mycopathologia. 2017;182(1-2):5-31.
Ansari S, Hedayati MT, Zomorodian K, et al. Molecular characterization and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of 316 clinical isolates of dermatophytes in Iran. Mycopathologia. 2016;181(1-2):89-95.
Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Makimura K, de Hoog S, et al. Molecular epidemiology of dermatophytosis in Tehran, Iran, a clinical and microbial survey. Med Mycol. 2013;51(2):203-207.
Ghojoghi A, Falahati M, Abastabar M, et al. Molecular identification and epidemiological aspects of dermatophytosis in Tehran, Iran. Res Mol Med. 2015;3(3):11-16.
Taghipour S, Pchelin IM, Zarei Mahmoudabadi A, et al. Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T interdigitale genotypes are associated with particular geographic areas and clinical manifestations. Mycoses. 2019;62(11):1084-1091.
de Freitas RS, de Freitas THP, Siqueira LPM, Gimenes VMF, Benard G. First report of tinea corporis caused by Arthroderma benhamiae in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol. 2019;50(4):985-987.
Lee WJ, Eun DH, Jang YH, Lee S-J, Bang YJ, Jun JB. Tinea faciei in a mother and daughter caused by Arthroderma benhamiae. Ann Dermatol. 2018;30(2):241-242.
Nenoff P, Uhrlaß S, Krüger C, et al. Trichophyton species of Arthroderma benhamiae-a new infectious agent in dermatology. J Dtsch Dermat Ges. 2014;12(7):571-581.
Kimura U, Yokoyama K, Hiruma M, Kano R, Takamori K, Suga Y. Tinea faciei caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (molecular type Arthroderma benhamiae) mimics impetigo: a case report and literature review of cases in Japan. Med Mycol J. 2015;56(1):E1-E5.
Sabou M, Denis J, Boulanger N, et al. Molecular identification of Trichophyton benhamiae in Strasbourg, France: a 9-year retrospective study. Med Mycol. 2018;56(6):723-734.
Ziółkowska G, Nowakiewicz A, Gnat S, Trościańczyk A, Zięba P, Majer DB. Molecular identification and classification of Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex strains isolated from humans and selected animal species. Mycoses. 2015;58(3):119-126.
Kano R, Kawasaki M, Mochizuki T, Hiruma M, Hasegawa A. Mating genes of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex. Mycopathologia. 2012;173(2-3):103-112.
Symoens F, Jousson O, Packeu A, et al. The dermatophyte species Arthroderma benhamiae: intraspecies variability and mating behaviour. J Med Microbiol. 2013;62:377-385.
Yamada T, Maeda M, Alshahni MM, et al. Terbinafine resistance of Trichophyton clinical isolates caused by specific point mutations in the squalene epoxidase gene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61(7):e00115-e00117.
Taghipour S, Shamsizadeh F, Pchelin IM, et al. Emergence of Terbinafine resistant Trichophyton mentagrophytes in Iran, Harboring Mutations in the Squalene Epoxidase (SQLE) Gene. Infect Drug Resist. 2020;13:845.
Rudramurthy SM, Shankarnarayan SA, Dogra S, et al. Mutation in the squalene epoxidase gene of Trichophyton interdigitale and Trichophyton rubrum associated with allylamine resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018;62(5):e02517-e02522.
Azam Fattahi FS, Ayatollahi Azin, Rezaei-Matehkolaei Ali et al. Multidrug-resistant Trichophyton mentagrophytes genotype VIII in an Iranian family with generalized dermatophytosis: report of four cases and review of literature. Int J Dermatol. 2020;13:845-850. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15226
Gupta AK, Cooper EA. Update in antifungal therapy of dermatophytosis. Mycopathologia. 2008;166(5-6):353-367.
Gräser Y, El Fari M, Vilgalys R, et al. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the family Arthrodermataceae (dermatophytes) using sequence analysis of the ribosomal ITS region. Med Mycol. 1999;37(2):105-114.
Makimura K, Mochizuki T, Hasegawa A, Uchida K, Saito H, Yamaguchi H. Phylogenetic classification of Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex strains based on DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions. J Clin Microbiol. 1998;36(9):2629-2633.
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Academic Press; 1990;18(1):315-322.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol. 2013;30(12):2725-2729.
CLSI. Reference Method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi. Approved standard, 2nd edn. Wayne, PA, USA: CLSI Document. M38-A2. Clinical and laboratory Standards Institute. Wane P. 2008.
Kano R, Sano A, Makimura K, et al. A new genotype of Arthroderma benhamiae. Med Mycol. 2008;46(7):739-744.
Kano R, Nakamura Y, Yasuda K, et al. The first isolation of Arthroderma benhamiae in Japan. Microbiol Immunol. 1998;42(8):575-578.
Tan J, Liu X, Gao Z, Yang H, Yang L, Wen H. A case of Tinea Faciei caused by Trichophyton benhamiae: first report in China. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):1-5.
White SD, Guzman DSM, Paul-Murphy J, Hawkins MG. Skin diseases in companion guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus): a retrospective study of 293 cases seen at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California at Davis (1990-2015). Vet Dermatol. 2016;27(5):395-e100.
Brasch J, Wodarg S. Morphological and physiological features of Arthroderma benhamiae anamorphs isolated in northern Germany. Mycoses. 2015;58(2):93-98.
Hiruma J, Kano R, Harada K, et al. Occurrence of Arthroderma benhamiae genotype in Japan. Mycopathologia. 2015;179(3-4):219-223.
Mochizuki T, Watanabe S, Kawasaki M, Tanabe H, Ishizaki H. A Japanese case of tinea corporis caused by Arthroderma benhamiae. J Dermatol. 2002;29(4):221-225.
Fumeaux J, Mock M, Ninet B, et al. First report of Arthroderma benhamiae in Switzerland. Dermatology. 2004;208(3):244-250.
Shiraki Y, Hiruma M, Matsuba Y, et al. A case of tinea corporis caused by Arthroderma benhamiae (teleomorph of Tinea mentagrophytes) in a pet shop employee. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55(1):153-154.
Mochizuki T, Kobayashi H, Takeda K, Anzawa K, Ishizaki H. The first human cases of Americano-European race of Arthroderma benhamiae infection in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2012;65(6):558-559.
El-Heis S, Borman A, Szekely A, Godfrey K. Tinea corporis in a child caused by Arthroderma benhamiae. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2016;41(8):955-957.
Martín-Peñaranda T, Lera IJ, Alkorta GM. Arthroderma benhamiae in patients with Guinea pigs. Paper presented at: Anales de pediatria (Barcelona, Spain: 2003)2019.
Gräser Y, Scott J, Summerbell R. The new species concept in dermatophytes-a polyphasic approach. Mycopathologia. 2008;166(5-6):239.
De Hoog G, Guarro J, Gene J, Fígueras M. Atlas of clinical fungi, pilot version of, 3rd edn. Baarn, Netherlands: CD-ROM Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures; 2009.
Drouot S, Mignon B, Fratti M, Roosje P, Monod M. Pets as the main source of two zoonotic species of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex in Switzerland, Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii and Arthroderma benhamiae. Vet Dermatol. 2009;20(1):13-18.
Budihardja D, Freund V, Mayser P. Widespread erosive tinea corporis by Arthroderma benhamiae in a renal transplant recipient: case report. Mycoses. 2010;53(6):530-532.
Mirhendi H, Makimura K, de Hoog GS, et al. Translation elongation factor 1-α gene as a potential taxonomic and identification marker in dermatophytes. Med Mycol. 2015;53(3):215-224.
Ahmadi B, Mirhendi H, Makimura K, et al. Phylogenetic analysis of dermatophyte species using DNA sequence polymorphism in calmodulin gene. Sabouraudia. 2016;54(5):500-514.
Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Mirhendi H, Makimura K, et al. Nucleotide sequence analysis of beta tubulin gene in a wide range of dermatophytes. Med Mycol. 2014;52(7):674-688.
Rouzaud C, Hay R, Chosidow O, et al. Severe dermatophytosis and acquired or innate immunodeficiency: a review. Journal of Fungi. 2016;2(1):4.
Vaezi A, Fakhim H, Abtahian Z, et al. Frequency and geographic distribution of CARD9 mutations in patients with severe fungal infections. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2434.
Lanternier F, Pathan S, Vincent QB, et al. Deep dermatophytosis and inherited CARD9 deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(18):1704-1714.
Chastain MA, Reed RJ, Pankey GA. Deep dermatophytosis: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Cutis. 2001;67(6):457-462.
Balci DD, Cetin M. Widespread, chronic, and fluconazole-resistant Trichophyton rubrum infection in an immunocompetent patient. Mycoses. 2008;51(6):546-548.
Ansari S, Ahmadi B, Norouzi M, et al. Epidermophyton floccosum: nucleotide sequence analysis and antifungal susceptibility testing of 40 clinical isolates. J Med Microbiol. 2019;68(11):1655-1663.
Deng S, De Hoog G, Verweij P, et al. In vitro antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton violaceum isolated from tinea capitis patients. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70(4):1072-1075.
Deng S, Ansari S, Ilkit M, et al. In vitro antifungal susceptibility profiles of 12 antifungal drugs against 55 Trichophyton schoenleinii isolates from tinea capitis favosa patients in Iran, Turkey, and China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61(2):e01753-e11716.
Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Khodavaisy S, Alshahni MM, et al. In vitro antifungal activity of novel triazole efinaconazole and five comparators against dermatophyte isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018;62(5):e02423-e12417.
Badali H, Mohammadi R, Mashedi O, de Hoog GS, Meis JF. In vitro susceptibility patterns of clinically important Trichophyton and Epidermophyton species against nine antifungal drugs. Mycoses. 2015;58(5):303-307.
Singh A, Masih A, Monroy-Nieto J, et al. A unique multidrug-resistant clonal Trichophyton population distinct from Trichophyton mentagrophytes/Trichophyton interdigitale complex causing an ongoing alarming dermatophytosis outbreak in India: Genomic insights and resistance profile. Fungal Genet Biol. 2019;133:103266.
Papegaay J. About pathogenic fungi on human skin around Amsterdam. Neth J Med. 1925;69:879-890.