Changes in PUFA and eicosanoid metabolism during/after apnea diving: a prospective single-center study.
Adult
Apnea
/ blood
Breath Holding
Chromatography, Liquid
/ methods
Diving
/ physiology
Eicosanoids
/ blood
Fatty Acids, Omega-3
/ blood
Fatty Acids, Omega-6
/ blood
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
/ blood
Female
Humans
Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids
/ blood
Male
Middle Aged
Prospective Studies
Prostaglandin D2
/ blood
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
/ methods
Thromboxane B2
/ blood
Time Factors
biomarkers
breath-hold diving
recreational diving
stress
Journal
Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc
ISSN: 1066-2936
Titre abrégé: Undersea Hyperb Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9312954
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Historique:
entrez:
23
11
2020
pubmed:
24
11
2020
medline:
30
1
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The popularity of apneic diving is continually growing. As apnea diving substantially burdens the cardiovascular system, special focus is warranted. Regarding inflammation processes and associated inflammatory-related diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases), eicosanoids play an important role. This study aims to investigate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and eicosanoids in voluntary apnea divers, and so to further improve understanding of pathophysiological processes focusing on proinflammatory effects of temporarily hypercapnic hypoxia.. The concentration of PUFAs and eicosanoids were investigated in EDTA plasma in apnea divers (n=10) before and immediately after apnea, 0.5 hour and four hours later, applying liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Mean age was 41±10 years, and divers performed a mean breath-hold time of 317±111 seconds. PUFAs, eicosanoids and related lipids could be classified in four different kinetical reaction groups following apnea. The first group (e.g., Ω-6 and Ω-3-PUFAs) showed an immediate concentration increase followed by a decrease below baseline four hours after apnea. The second group (e.g., thromboxane B2) showed a slower increase, with its maximum concentration 0.5 hour post-apnea followed by a decrease four hours post-apnea. Group 3 (9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) is characterized by two concentration increase peaks directly after apnea and four hours afterward compared to baseline. Group 4 (e.g., prostaglandin D2) shows no clear response. Changes in the PUFA metabolism after even a single apnea revealed different kinetics of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulations and changes for oxidative stress levels. Due to the importance of these mediators, apnea diving should be evaluated carefully and be performed only with great caution against the background of cardiovascular diseases and inflammation processes.
Sections du résumé
Background
The popularity of apneic diving is continually growing. As apnea diving substantially burdens the cardiovascular system, special focus is warranted. Regarding inflammation processes and associated inflammatory-related diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases), eicosanoids play an important role. This study aims to investigate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and eicosanoids in voluntary apnea divers, and so to further improve understanding of pathophysiological processes focusing on proinflammatory effects of temporarily hypercapnic hypoxia..
Methods
The concentration of PUFAs and eicosanoids were investigated in EDTA plasma in apnea divers (n=10) before and immediately after apnea, 0.5 hour and four hours later, applying liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
Results
Mean age was 41±10 years, and divers performed a mean breath-hold time of 317±111 seconds. PUFAs, eicosanoids and related lipids could be classified in four different kinetical reaction groups following apnea. The first group (e.g., Ω-6 and Ω-3-PUFAs) showed an immediate concentration increase followed by a decrease below baseline four hours after apnea. The second group (e.g., thromboxane B2) showed a slower increase, with its maximum concentration 0.5 hour post-apnea followed by a decrease four hours post-apnea. Group 3 (9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) is characterized by two concentration increase peaks directly after apnea and four hours afterward compared to baseline. Group 4 (e.g., prostaglandin D2) shows no clear response.
Conclusion
Changes in the PUFA metabolism after even a single apnea revealed different kinetics of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulations and changes for oxidative stress levels. Due to the importance of these mediators, apnea diving should be evaluated carefully and be performed only with great caution against the background of cardiovascular diseases and inflammation processes.
Substances chimiques
Eicosanoids
0
Fatty Acids, Omega-3
0
Fatty Acids, Omega-6
0
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
0
Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids
0
Thromboxane B2
54397-85-2
Prostaglandin D2
RXY07S6CZ2
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
539-549Informations de copyright
Copyright© Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors of this paper declare no conflicts of interest exist with this submission.