The effects of stress on eyewitness memory: A survey of memory experts and laypeople.
Commonsense belief
Expert
Laypeople
Memory
Stress
Journal
Memory & cognition
ISSN: 1532-5946
Titre abrégé: Mem Cognit
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0357443
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 2021
04 2021
Historique:
accepted:
01
11
2020
pubmed:
26
11
2020
medline:
29
7
2021
entrez:
25
11
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
This survey examined lay and expert beliefs about statements concerning stress effects on (eyewitness) memory. Thirty-seven eyewitness memory experts, 36 fundamental memory experts, and 109 laypeople endorsed, opposed, or selected don't know responses for a range of statements relating to the effects of stress at encoding and retrieval. We examined proportions in each group and differences between groups (eyewitness memory experts vs. fundamental memory experts; experts vs. laypeople) for endorsements (agree vs. disagree) and selections (don't know vs. agree/disagree). High proportions of experts from both research fields agreed that very high levels of stress impair the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. A majority of fundamental experts, but not eyewitness experts, endorsed the idea that stress experienced during encoding can enhance memory. Responses to statements regarding moderating factors such as stressor severity and detail type provided further insight into this discrepancy. Eyewitness memory experts more frequently selected the don't know option for neuroscientific statements regarding stress effects on memory than fundamental memory experts, although don't know selections were substantial among both expert groups. Laypeople's responses to eight of the statements differed statistically from expert answers on topics such as memory in children, in professionals such as police officers, for faces and short crimes, and the existence of repression, providing insight into possible 'commonsense' beliefs on stress effects on memory. Our findings capture the current state of knowledge about stress effects on memory as reflected by sample of experts and laypeople, and highlight areas where further research and consensus would be valuable.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33237488
doi: 10.3758/s13421-020-01115-4
pii: 10.3758/s13421-020-01115-4
pmc: PMC8024237
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
401-421Subventions
Organisme : Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate Programme The House of Legal Psychology (EMJD-LP)
ID : FPA 2013-0036, SGA 532473-EM-5-2017-1-NL-ERA MUNDU
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