Common causes of hair loss - clinical manifestations, trichoscopy and therapy.
Journal
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV
ISSN: 1468-3083
Titre abrégé: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9216037
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Mar 2021
Mar 2021
Historique:
received:
17
04
2020
accepted:
27
10
2020
pubmed:
9
12
2020
medline:
15
5
2021
entrez:
8
12
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The field of hair disorders is constantly growing. The most important hair diseases are divided in non- cicatricial and cicatricial ones. Non-cicatricial alopecia are more frequent than cicatricial alopecia. The first step is to obtain a good history and physical examination. Laboratory testing is often unnecessary, while trichoscopy is fundamental for all hair diseases. Scalp biopsy is strongly suggested in cicatricial alopecia and in doubtful cases. Androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, trichotillomania are common causes of non- cicatricial alopecia. Frontal fibrosing alopecia, discoid lupus erythematosus, lichen planopilaris, follicullitis decalvans are some of the most common forms of cicatricial hair loss. Many treatments are available, and a prompt diagnosis is very important for the prognosis.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
629-640Informations de copyright
© 2020 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.
Références
Piraccini BM, Alessandrini A. Androgenetic alopecia. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2014; 149: 15-24.
Sinclair R. Male pattern androgenetic alopecia. Br MJ 1998; 317: 865-869.
Whiting DA. Male pattern hair loss: current understanding. Int J Dermatol 1998; 37: 561-566.
Rakowska A, Slowinska M, Kowalska-Oledzka E, Olszewska M, Rudnicka L. Dermoscopy in female androgenic alopecia: method standardization and diagnostic criteria. Int J Trichol 2009; 1: 123-130.
Barbareschi M. The use of minoxidil in the treatment of male and female androgenetic alopecia: a story of more than 30 years. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2018; 153: 102-106.
Beach RA. Case series of oral minoxidil for androgenetic and traction alopecia: Tolerability & the five C's of oral therapy. Dermatol Ther 2018; 31: e12707.
Sinclair RD. Female pattern hair loss: a pilot study investigating combination therapy with low-dose oral minoxidil and spironolactone. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57: 104-109.
Pindado-Ortega C, Saceda-Corralo D, Vañó-Galván S RF - Oral Minoxidil for Female Pattern Hair Loss and Other Alopecias. FR - Minoxidil oral para el tratamiento de la alopecia androgénica femenina y otras alopecias. Actas Dermosifiliogr 2019; 110: 861-862.
Rossi A, Cantisani C, Melis L, Iorio A, Scali E, Calvieri S. Minoxidil use in dermatology, side effects and recent patents. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2012; 6: 130-136.
Ramos PM, Sinclair RD, Kasprzak M, Miot HA. Minoxidil 1 mg oral versus minoxidil 5% topical solution for the treatment of female-pattern hair loss: A randomized clinical trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 82: 252-253.
Blume-Peytavi U, Lönnfors S, Hillmann K, Garcia BN. A ran - domized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study to assess the effcacy of a 24-week topical treatment by latanoprost 0.1% on hair growth and pigmentation in healthy volunteers with androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 66: 794-800.
Fertig RM, Gamret AC, Darwin E, Gaudi S. Sexual side effects of 5-α-reductase inhibitors finasteride and dutasteride: A comprehensive review. Dermatol Online J 2017; 23: 13030.
Sorbellini E, Pinto D, Marzani B, Rinaldi F. Drug treatment for Androgeneticalopecia: first Italian questionnaire survey on what dermatologists think about finasteride. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2018; 8: 259-267.
Mazzarella GF, Loconsole GF, Cammisa GA, Mastrolonardo GM, Vena Ga. Topical finasteride in the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Preliminary evaluations after a 16-month therapy course. J Dermatol Treat 2009; 8: 189-192.
Caserini M, Radicioni M, Leuratti C, Terragni E, Iorizzo M, Palmieri R. Effects of a novel finasteride 0.25% topical solution on scalp and serum dihydrotestosterone in healthy men with androgenetic alopecia. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 54: 19-27.
Caserini M, Radicioni M, Leuratti C, Annoni O, Palmieri R. A novel finasteride 0.25% topical solution for androgenetic alopecia: pharmacokinetics and effects on plasma androgen levels in healthy male volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2014; 52: 842-849.
Hajheydari Z, Akbari J, Saeedi M, Shokoohi L. Comparing the therapeutic effects of finasteride gel and tablet in treatment of the androgenetic alopecia. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2009; 75: 47-51.
Eun HC, Kwon OS, Yeon JH et al. Effcacy, safety, and tolerability of dutasteride 0.5 mg once daily in male patients with male pattern hair loss: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 63: 252-258.
Vexiau P, Chaspoux C, Boudou P et al. Effects of minoxidil 2% vs. cyproterone acetate treatment on female androgenetic alopecia: a con- trolled, 12-month randomized trial. Br J Dermatol 2002; 146: 992-999.
Adamopoulos DA, Karamertzanis M, Nicopoulou S, Gregoriou A. Beneficial effect of spironolactone on androgenic alopecia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1997; 47: 759-760.
Burke BM, Cunliffe WJ. Oral spironolactone therapy for female patients with acne, hirsutism or androgenic alopecia. Br J Dermatol 1985; 112: 124-125.
Sinclair R, Wewerinke M, Jolley D. Treatment of female pattern hair loss with oral antiandrogens. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152: 466-473.
Carmina E, Lobo RA. Treatment of hyperandrogenic alopecia in women. Fertil Steril 2003; 79: 91-95.
Paradisi R, Porcu E, Fabbri R, Seracchioli R, Battaglia C, Venturoli S. Prospective cohort study on the effects and tolerability of flutamide in patients with female pattern hair loss. Ann Pharmacother 2011; 45: 469-475.
Alves R, Grimalt R. Platelet-rich plasma in combination with 5% Minoxidil topical solution and 1 mg oral finasteride for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia: a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind, Half-Head Study. Dermatol Surg 2018; 44: 126-130.
Starace M, Alessandrini A, D'Acunto C, Melandri D, Bruni F, Patrizi A et al. Platelet-rich plasma on female androgenetic alopecia: Tested on 10 patients. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18: 59-64.
Afifi L, Maranda EL, Zarei M, Delcanto GM, Falto-Aizpurua L, Kluijfhout WP et al. Low-level laser therapy as a treatment for androgenetic alopecia. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 49: 27-39.
Avram MR, Finney R, Rogers N. Hair Transplantation Controversies. Dermatol urg 2017; 43(Suppl 2): S158-S162.
Rose PT. Advances in hair restoration. Dermatol Clin 2018; 36: 57-62.
Kligman AM. Pathologic dynamics of human hair loss. Telogen effluvium. Arch Dermatol 1961; 83: 175.
Trueb RM. Diffuse hair loss. In Blume-Peytavi U, A Tosti, DA Whiting R Trueb, eds. Hair growth and disorders, 1st edn, Springer, Berlin, 2008: 259-272.
Rebora A. Telogen effluvium: a comprehensive review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 21: 583-590.
Piraccini BM, Starace M, Alessandrini A. Hair changes due to Drugs. In: Alopecia (Miteva M), 1st edn, Elsevier, 2018: 245-258.
Baldari M, Montinari M, Guarrera M, Rebora A. Trichodynia is a distinguishing symptom of telogen effluvium. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23: 733-734.
Shrivastava SB. Diffuse hair loss in adult female: approach to diagnosis and management. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2009; 75: 20-31.
Rudnicka L, Olszewska M, Rakowska A, Slowinska M. Trichoscopy update 2011. J Dermatol Case Rep 2011; 5: 82.
Hughes EC, Gossman WG. Telogen Effluvium. 2019 May 15. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019.
Paus R. Frontiers in the (neuro-)endocrine controls of hair growth. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2007; 12: 20-22.
Buhl AE. Minoxidil’s action in hair follicles. J Invest Dermatol 1991; 96: 73-74S.
Perera E, Sinclair R. Treatment of chronic telogen effluvium with oral minoxidil: A retrospective study. F1000Res 2017; 6: 1650.
Starace M, Alessandrini A, Brandi N, Piraccini BM. Preliminary results of the use of scalp microneedling in different types of alopecia. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19: 646-650.
Rossi A, Caterina Fortuna M, Caro G et al. Monitoring chemotherapy-induced alopecia with trichoscopy. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18: 575-580.
Saleh D, Cook C. Anagen Effluvium. 2019 Jul 31. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020.
Hyoseung S, Seong JJ, Do HK, Ohsang K, Seung-K M. Efficacy of interventions for prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2015; 136: E442-E454.
Rossi A, Fortuna MC, Caro G, Pranteda G, Garelli V, Pompili U et al. Chemotherapy-induced alopecia management: Clinical experience and practical advice. J Cosmet Dermatol 2017; 16: 537-541.
Yun SJ, Kim SJ. Hair loss pattern due to chemotherapy- induced anagen effluvium: a cross-sectional observation. Dermatology 2007; 215: 36-40.
Rossi A, Muscianese M, Piraccini BM et al. Italian Guidelines in diagnosis and treatment of alopecia areata. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2019; 154: 609-623.
Strazzulla LC, Wang EHC, Avila L et al. Alopecia areata: Disease characteristics, clinical evaluation, and new perspectives on pathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 78: 1-12.
Kalkan G, Seçkin HY, Benli İ et al. Relationship between manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSODAla-9Val) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1 Pro 197 Leu) gene polymorphisms and alopecia areata. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8: 21533-21540.
Bhanusali DG, Sachdev A, Olson MA et al. PTPN22 profile indicates a novel risk group in Alopecia areata. Hum Immunol 2014; 75: 81-87.
Alessandrini A, Starace M, Piraccini BM. Dermoscopy in the Evaluation of Nail Disorders. Skin Appendage Disord 2017; 3: 70-82.
Olsen EA, Hordinsky MK, Price VH et al. Alopecia areata investigational assessment guidelines-Part II. National Alopecia Areata Foundation. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 51: 440-447.
Hordinsky MK. Treatment of alopecia areata: “What is new on the horizon?” Dermatol Ther 2011; 24: 364-368.
Alessandrini A, Starace M, Bruni F et al. Alopecia Areata Incognita and Diffuse Alopecia Areata: Clinical, Trichoscopic, Histopathological, and Therapeutic Features of a 5-Year Study [published correction appears in Dermatol Pract Concept 2019; 10: 272-277.
Grant JE, Chamberlain SR. Trichotillomania. Am J Psychiatry 2016; 173: 868-874.
Rakowska A, Slowinska M, Olszewska M, Rudnicka L. New trichoscopy findings in trichotillomania: flame hairs, V-sign, hook hairs, hair powder, tulip hairs. Acta Derm Venereol 2014; 94: 303-306.
Martín JM, Montesinos E, Cordero P, Gonzalez V, Ramon D. Trichoscopy features of trichotillomania. Pediatr Dermatol 2019; 36: 265-267.
Rothbart R, Amos T, Siegfried N, Ipser JC, Fineberg N, Chamberlain SR et al. Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;(11):CD007662.
Dhurat RP, Deshpande DJ. Loose anagen hair syndrome. Int J Trichology, 2010; 2: 96-100; Mirmirani P, Uno H, Price VH. Abnormal inner root sheath of hair follicle in the loose anagen hair syndrome: an ultrastructural study. J Am Acad Dermatol, 64: 129-34, 2011.
Rushton DH. Nutritional factors and hair loss. Clin Exp Dermatol 2002; 27: 396-404.
Chandran NS, Oranje AP. Minoxidil 5% solution for topical treatment of loose anagen hair syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31: 389-390.
Olsen EA, Bergfeld WF, Cotsarelis G et al, Workshop on cicatricial alopecia. Summary of North American Hair Research Society (NAHRS)-sponsored workshop on cicatricial alopecia, Duke University Medical Centre, February 10 and 11, 2001. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003; 48: 103-110.
Ross EK, Tan E, Shapiro J. Update on primary cicatricial alopecias. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53: 1-37.
Starace M, Orlando G, Alessandrini A, Baraldi C, Bruni F, Piraccini BM. Diffuse variants of scalp lichen planopilaris: Clinical, trichoscopic, and histopathologic features of 40 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 83: 1659-1667.
Somani N, Bergfeld WF. Cicatricial alopecia: classification and histopathology. Dermatol Ther 2008; 21: 221-237.
Kang H, Alzolibani AA, Otberg N, Shapiro J. Lichen planopilaris. Dermatol Ther 2008; 21: 249-256.
Starace M, Brandi N, Alessandrini A, Bruni F, Piraccini BM. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a case series of 65 patients seen in a single Italian centre. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33: 433-438.
Brandi N, Starace M, Alessandrini A, Misciali C, Piraccini BM. First Italian case of frontal fibrosing alopecia in a male. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2019; 4. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0392-0488.19.06286-2.
Tengattini V, Alessandrini A, Misciali C, Patrizi A, Piraccini BM. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like papillary dermal elastolysis in frontal fibrosing alopecia. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018; 16: 1136-1138.
Hordinsky M. Cicatricial alopecia: discoid lupus erythematosus. Dermatol Ther 2008; 21: 245-248.
Herskovitz I, Miteva M. Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia: challenges and solutions. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016; 17: 175-181.
Flamm A, Moshiri AS, Roche F, Onyekaba G, Nguyen J, James AJ et al. Characterization of the inflammatory features of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47(6): 530-534.
Azakli HN, Agirgol S, Takmaz S, Dervis E. Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans Associated wıth Leukonychia. West Indian Med J 2014; 63: 552-553.
Oosterwijk JC, Nelen M, van Zandvoort PM, van Osch LD, Oranje AP, Wittebol-Post D et al. Linkage analysis of keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans, and regional assignment to human chromosome Xp21.2-p22.2. Am J Hum Genet 1992; 50: 801-807.
Chauhan RK, Sankhwar S, Tripathi R, Pandey SS. A rare presentation of keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans in female twins. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2018; 84: 645.
Otberg N, Kang H, Alzolibani AA, Shapiro J. Folliculitis decalvans. Dermatol Ther 2008; 21: 238-244.
Saceda-Corralo D, Moreno-Arrones OM, Rodrigues-Barata R, Rubio-Lombraña M, Mir-Bonafé JF, Morales-Raya C et al. Trichoscopy activity scale for folliculitis decalvans. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34: e55-e57.
Tietze JK, Heppt MV, von Preußen A, Wolf U, Ruzicka T, Wolff H et al. Oral isotretinoin as the most effective treatment in folliculitis decalvans: a retrospective comparison of different treatment regimens in 28 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29: 1816-1821.
Ismail FF, Sinclair R. Successful treatment of refractory folliculitis decalvans with secukinumab. Australas J Dermatol 2019; 61: 165-166.
Chicarilli ZN. Follicular occlusion triad: hidradenitis suppurativa, acne conglobata, and dissecting cellulitis of the scalp. Ann Plast Surg 1987; 18: 230-237.
Rossi A, Garelli V, Muscianese M, Pranteda G, Caro G, D’arino A et al. Clinical, and trichoscopic correlation of primary neutrophilic scarring alopecia: folliculitis decalvans and dissecting cellulitis. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2018;155(4): 506-508.
Lee CN, Chen W, Hsu CK, Weng TT, Lee JY, Yang CC. Dissecting folliculitis (dissecting cellulitis) of the scalp: a 66-patient case series and proposal of classification. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018; 16: 1219-1226.
Badaoui A, Reygagne P, Cavelier-Balloy B, Pinquier L, Deschamps L, Crickx B et al. Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp: a retrospective study of 51patients and review of literature. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174: 421-423.
Scheinfeld N. Dissecting cellulitis (Perifolliculitis Capitis Abscedens et Suffodiens): a comprehensive review focusing on new treatments and findings of the last decade with commentary comparing the therapies and causes of dissecting cellulitis to hidradenitis suppurativa. Dermatol Online J 2014; 20: 22692.
Starace M, Alessandrini A, Baraldi C, Piraccini BM. Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp: challenge and solutions. Clin, Cosm Invest Dermatol 2019; 12: 691-698.
Starace M, Loi C, Bruni F et al. Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp: clinical, trichoscopic, and histopathologic features of 20 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 76: 1109-1114.e2.
Aoshima M, Ito T, Tokura Y. Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp arising concomitantly with elevation of serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. J Dermatol 2015; 42: 540.
Starace M, Patrizi A, Piraccini BM. Visualization of hair bulbs through the scalp: a trichoscopic feature of erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp. Int J Trichol 2016; 8: 91.
Uva L, Aphale AN, Kehdy J, Benedetto AV. Erosive pustular dermatosis successfully treated with a novel silicone gel. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55: 89-91.
Yeh R, Polcz M, Wong D. Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp: an Australian perspective: insights to aid clinical practice. Australasian J Dermatol 2019; 60: e272-e278.