GABA and glutamate in pediatric migraine.
Journal
Pain
ISSN: 1872-6623
Titre abrégé: Pain
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7508686
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 2021
01 2021
Historique:
entrez:
16
12
2020
pubmed:
17
12
2020
medline:
15
5
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Migraine is one of the top 5 most prevalent childhood diseases; however, effective treatment strategies for pediatric migraine are limited. For example, standard adult pharmaceutical therapies are less effective in children and can carry undesirable side effects. To develop more effective treatments, improved knowledge of the biology underlying pediatric migraine is necessary. One theory is that migraine results from an imbalance in cortical excitability. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies show changes in GABA and glutamate levels (the primary inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain, respectively) in multiple brain regions in adults with migraine; however, they have yet to be assessed in children with migraine. Using MRS and GABA-edited MRS, we show that children (7-13 years) with migraine and aura had significantly lower glutamate levels in the visual cortex compared to controls, the opposite to results seen in adults. In addition, we found significant correlations between metabolite levels and migraine characteristics; higher GABA levels were associated with higher migraine burden. We also found that higher glutamate in the thalamus and higher GABA/Glx ratios in the sensorimotor cortex were associated with duration since diagnosis, i.e., having migraines longer. Lower GABA levels in the sensorimotor cortex were associated with being closer to their next migraine attack. Together, this indicates that GABA and glutamate disturbances occur early in migraine pathophysiology and emphasizes that evidence from adults with migraine cannot be immediately translated to pediatric sufferers. This highlights the need for further mechanistic studies of migraine in children, to aid in development of more effective treatments.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33326202
doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002022
pii: 00006396-202101000-00026
pmc: PMC7737876
doi:
Substances chimiques
Glutamic Acid
3KX376GY7L
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
56-12-2
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
300-308Subventions
Organisme : CIHR
Pays : Canada
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